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Geometry Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

Let ABCDABCD be an isosceles trapezoid such that AB=10AB = 10, BC=15BC = 15, CD=28CD = 28, and DA=15DA = 15. There is a point EE such that AED\triangle AED and AEB\triangle AEB have the same area and such that ECEC is minimal. Find ECEC.

Solution

Solution:

Answer:

| 216145\frac{216}{\sqrt{145}} |
| :---: |
Figure 1

The locus of points EE such that [AED]=[AEB][AED] = [AEB] forms a line, since area is a linear function of the coordinates of EE; setting the areas equal gives a linear equation in the coordinates EE. Note that AA and MM, the midpoint of DB\overline{DB}, are on this line; AA because both areas are 00, and MM because the triangles share an altitude, and bases DM\overline{DM} and MB\overline{MB} are equal in length. Then AM\overline{AM} is the set of points satisfying the area condition. The point EE, then, is such that AEC\triangle AEC is a right angle (to make the distance minimal) and EE lies on AM\overline{AM}.

Let XX be the point of intersection of AM\overline{AM} and CD\overline{CD}. Then AMBXMD\triangle AMB \sim \triangle XMD, and since MD=BMMD = BM, they are in fact congruent. Thus DX=AB=10DX = AB = 10, and XC=18XC = 18. Similarly, BX=15BX = 15, so ABXDABXD is a parallelogram. Let YY be the foot of the perpendicular from AA to DC\overline{DC}, so that DY=DCAB2=9DY = \frac{DC - AB}{2} = 9. Then

AY=AD2DY2=22581=12AY = \sqrt{AD^2 - DY^2} = \sqrt{225 - 81} = 12.

Then YX=DXDY=1YX = DX - DY = 1 and AX=AY2+YX2=144+1=145AX = \sqrt{AY^2 + YX^2} = \sqrt{144 + 1} = \sqrt{145}.

Since both AXY\triangle AXY and CXE\triangle CXE have a right angle, and EXC\angle EXC and YXA\angle YXA are congruent because they are vertical angles, AXYCXE\triangle AXY \sim \triangle CXE. Then CEAY=CXAX\frac{CE}{AY} = \frac{CX}{AX}, so CE=1218145=216145CE = 12 \cdot \frac{18}{\sqrt{145}} = \frac{216}{\sqrt{145}}.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.