Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.5 AIME, harder Prove it Ireland

Show that the reciprocals of the altitudes of a triangle of area Δ\Delta, and semi-perimeter ss, are the side lengths of another triangle whose area is 1/4Δ1/4\Delta, and whose perimeter is s/Δs/\Delta.

Solution

Since the area of a triangle is "half the base by the height", then, in the usual notation, 2Δ=aha=bhb=chc2\Delta = ah_a = bh_b = ch_c. This can be rewritten as follows
1ha=12Δa,1hb=12Δb,1hc=12Δc, \frac{1}{h_a} = \frac{1}{2\Delta}a, \quad \frac{1}{h_b} = \frac{1}{2\Delta}b, \quad \frac{1}{h_c} = \frac{1}{2\Delta}c,
hence the triangle inequalities, a<b+ca < b + c, etc., for the original triangle are equivalent to the triangle inequalities, 1ha<1hb+1hc\frac{1}{h_a} < \frac{1}{h_b} + \frac{1}{h_c}, etc., for the triangle with sides 1/ha,1/hb,1/hc1/h_a, 1/h_b, 1/h_c. Thus the reciprocals are the side lengths of another triangle, which is similar to the original triangle with similarity factor 1/2Δ1/2\Delta. Therefore, the perimeter of this new triangle is equal to 2s/2Δ=s/Δ2s/2\Delta = s/\Delta and its area is equal to Δ/(2Δ)2=1/4Δ\Delta/(2\Delta)^2 = 1/4\Delta.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.