Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /57 of 94

Geometry Difficulty 6.3 National Olympiad Prove it Hong Kong

The incircle of ABC\triangle ABC, with incentre II, meets BCBC, CACA and ABAB at DD, EE and FF respectively. The line EFEF cuts the lines BIBI, CICI, BCBC and DIDI at points KK, LL, MM and QQ respectively. The line through the midpoint of CLCL and MM meets CKCK at PP.

a. Determine BKC\angle BKC.

b. Show that the lines PQPQ and CLCL are parallel.

Solution

a. Since FKI=FKB=EFAKBF=90A2B2=C2=ECI\angle FKI = \angle FKB = \angle EFA - \angle KBF = 90^\circ - \frac{A}{2} - \frac{B}{2} = \frac{C}{2} = \angle ECI, the points CC, EE, KK, II are concyclic. Note that CC, EE, II, DD are also concyclic. This shows CC, EE, KK, II, DD lie on the same circle. It follows that
BKC=IKC=IEC=90. \angle BKC = \angle IKC = \angle IEC = 90^\circ.

Figure 1

b. Let the midpoint of CLCL be JJ. Applying Menelaus' theorem using the line MPJMPJ and CKL\triangle CKL, we get KPPCCJJLLMMK=1\frac{KP}{PC} \cdot \frac{CJ}{JL} \cdot \frac{LM}{MK} = 1. Using CJ=JLCJ = JL, this simplifies

to
KPPC=KMML.(1) \frac{KP}{PC} = \frac{KM}{ML}. \qquad (1)
Now, note that BB, DD, II, FF, LL are concyclic and BLC=90\angle BLC = 90^\circ as similar to the proof of part (a). Since BLC=BKC=90\angle BLC = \angle BKC = 90^\circ, we know that BB, CC, KK, LL are concyclic. Hence,
QDL=IDL=IBL=KBL=KCL=KCI=KDI=KDQ. \angle QDL = \angle IDL = \angle IBL = \angle KBL = \angle KCL = \angle KCI = \angle KDI = \angle KDQ.
Together with DQDMDQ \perp DM, the lines DQDQ and DMDM are the internal and external angle bisectors of KDL\angle KDL respectively. So we get
KQQL=KDDL=KMML.(2) \frac{KQ}{QL} = \frac{KD}{DL} = \frac{KM}{ML}. \qquad (2)
Combining (1) and (2), we obtain KPPC=KQQL\frac{KP}{PC} = \frac{KQ}{QL}, which yields PQ//CLPQ // CL.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.