Let xyz=a. Then
(xy−z2)(yz−x2)(zx−y2)==(za−z2)(xa−x2)(ya−y2)=a1(a−z3)(a−x3)(a−y3)==a1(a3−(x3+y3+z3)a2+(x3y3+y3z3+z3x3)a−x3y3z3)==[x3y3z3=a3]=(x3y3+y3z3+z3x3)−(x3+y3+z3)a=A−Ba,(1)
where
A=x3y3+y3z3+z3x3andB=x3+y3+z3.
Let xy2+x2y+yz2+y2z+zx2+xz2=C. Find the values of A, B, C. First,
x2+y2+z2=(x+y+z)2−2(xy+yz+zx)=1−2⋅(−1)=3.
Secondly,
B=x3+y3+z3=(x+y+z)(x2+y2+z2)−C=(−1)⋅3−C=−3−C.(2)
Further,
C=(x+y+z)(xy+yz+zx)−3xyz=−1⋅(−1)−3a=1−3a.
From (2) it follows that
B=−3−(1−3a)=3a−4.
Then
x2y2+y2z2+z2x2=(xy+yz+zx)2−2xyz(x+y+z)=(−1)2−2⋅(−1)=2a+1.
So,
A=(xy+yz+zx)(x2y2+y2z2+z2x2)−Cxyz=(−1)(2a+1)−(1−3a)a=3a2−3a−1.
Substituting A and B in (1), we obtain
A−Ba=3a2−3a−1−(3a−4)a=a−1=xyz−1,
as required.