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Geometry Difficulty 6.3 National Olympiad Prove it Italy

Let ABAB be a chord of a circle and PP an interior point of ABAB such that AP=2PBAP = 2PB. Let DEDE be the chord through PP and perpendicular to ABAB. Prove that the midpoint QQ of APAP is the orthocenter of ADEADE.

Solution

Solution:

Let HH be the point at which the line EQEQ meets ADAD; we must show that the angle AH^EA\widehat{H}E is right. Draw the segment BEBE. The triangle BQEBQE is isosceles because the altitude EPEP is also a median; indeed PP, the foot of the altitude EPEP, is the midpoint of BQBQ since PQ=12AP=PBPQ = \frac{1}{2} AP = PB. EPEP is therefore also the bisector of the angle BE^QB\widehat{E}Q, that is, the two angles PE^QP\widehat{E}Q, PE^BP\widehat{E}B are congruent. Next, the angles DE^BD\widehat{E}B, DA^BD\widehat{A}B are congruent because they are inscribed angles subtending the same arc; it follows that the angles PE^QP\widehat{E}Q, DA^PD\widehat{A}P are congruent. The triangles AHQAHQ, EPQEPQ therefore have congruent angles at AA and at EE; further, their respective angles with vertex at QQ are congruent, being vertical angles. The triangles AHQAHQ, EPQEPQ are therefore similar, and in particular the angles with vertices at PP and HH are congruent. Since the angle EP^QE\widehat{P}Q is right by construction,

Figure 1

the angle AH^EA\widehat{H}E is also right, as was to be proved.

Figure 1

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from it; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.