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Geometry Difficulty 6.6 National olympiad Prove it Croatia

Let ABC\triangle ABC be an acute-angled triangle such that AB<AC|AB| < |AC|. Point DD is the midpoint of the shorter arc BC^\widehat{BC} of the circumcircle of the triangle ABCABC. Point II is the incentre of the triangle ABCABC, and point JJ is the reflection of II across the line BCBC. Line DJDJ intersects the circumcircle of the triangle ABCABC at the point EE which lies on the shorter arc AB^\widehat{AB}.
Prove that AI=IE|AI| = |IE| holds. (Romania 2017)

Solution

Let OO be the circumcentre of the triangle ABCABC.

Figure 1

Point DD lies on the angle bisector of BAC\angle BAC. Therefore AA, II and DD are collinear. Lines IJIJ and ODOD are parallel, since they are both perpendicular to BCBC.

We will prove the claim by showing that the triangles AOIAOI and EOIEOI are congruent.

First we show that the triangles AIOAIO and IJDIJD are similar. Note that IAO=DAO=ODA=ODI=JID\angle IAO = \angle DAO = \angle ODA = \angle ODI = \angle JID. To show similarity, we need to prove that AI:AO=IJ:ID|AI| : |AO| = |IJ| : |ID|, i.e.
AIID=AOIJ.(1) |AI| \cdot |ID| = |AO| \cdot |IJ|. \qquad (1)
We have IJ=2r|IJ| = 2r and AO=R|AO| = R, where rr and RR denote the incircle and the circumcircle radii, respectively. Therefore, the right-hand side of (1) equals 2Rr2Rr. The left-hand side product AIID|AI| \cdot |ID|, is in fact the power of point II with respect to the circumcircle of the triangle ABCABC and equals R2OI2R^2 - |OI|^2. Now it suffices to verify that R2OI2=2RrR^2 - |OI|^2 = 2Rr, which holds because of Euler's theorem which expresses the distance between the incentre and the circumcentre using this exact formula.

Therefore, we can conclude that the triangles AIOAIO and IJDIJD are similar. This means that OIA=DJI\angle OIA = \angle DJI, and DIO=IJE\angle DIO = \angle IJE follows. Since lines IJIJ and ODOD are parallel, we have IJE=ODE\angle IJE = \angle ODE, and since OE=OD|OE| = |OD| we have ODE=DEO\angle ODE = \angle DEO. Now having DIO=DEO\angle DIO = \angle DEO we conclude that points DD, OO, II and EE are concyclic.

From this we have IOE=IDE\angle IOE = \angle IDE, and from the proven similarity we have IDE=IDJ=AOI\angle IDE = \angle IDJ = \angle AOI. It follows that IOE=AOI\angle IOE = \angle AOI. Since AO=EO|AO| = |EO| and the side OI\overline{OI} is mutual, we conclude that the triangles EOIEOI and AOIAOI are congruent.

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