Maths Olympiad Prep

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HMMT November

Combinatorics Difficulty 5.6 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

There are 17 people at a party, and each has a reputation that is either 1,2,3,41, 2, 3, 4, or 55. Some of them split into pairs under the condition that within each pair, the two people's reputations differ by at most 11. Compute the largest value of kk such that no matter what the reputations of these people are, they are able to form kk pairs.

Proposed by: Albert Wang

Solution

Solution:

First, note that k=8k=8 fails when there are 15,0,1,0,115, 0, 1, 0, 1 people of reputation 1,2,3,4,51, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively. This is because the two people with reputation 33 and 55 cannot pair with anyone, and there can only be at maximum ⌊152⌋=7\left\lfloor\frac{15}{2}\right\rfloor = 7 pairs of people with reputation 11.

Now, we show that k=7k=7 works. Suppose that we keep pairing people until we cannot make a pair anymore. Consider that moment. If there are two people with the same reputation, then these two people can pair up. Thus, there is at most one person for each reputation. Furthermore, if there are at least 44 people, then there must exist two people of consecutive reputations, so they can pair up. Thus, there are at most 33 people left, so we have formed at least 17−32=7\frac{17-3}{2} = 7 pairs.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.