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Stars of Mathematics Competition

Algebra Difficulty 5.7 AIME, harder Prove it Romania

Prove that, if positive real numbers a1,a2,…,ana_1, a_2, \dots, a_n have the product 11, then
(a1a2)n−1+(a2a3)n−1+⋯+(an−1an)n−1+(ana1)n−1≥a12+a22+⋯+an2. \left(\frac{a_1}{a_2}\right)^{n-1} + \left(\frac{a_2}{a_3}\right)^{n-1} + \dots + \left(\frac{a_{n-1}}{a_n}\right)^{n-1} + \left(\frac{a_n}{a_1}\right)^{n-1} \geq a_1^2 + a_2^2 + \dots + a_n^2.

Solution

We prove that, for all a1,a2,…,an>0a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n > 0, the following inequality holds
(a1a2)n−1+(a2a3)n−1+⋯+(an−1an)n−1+(ana1)n−1≥a12+a22+⋯+an2a12a22…an2n. \left(\frac{a_1}{a_2}\right)^{n-1} + \left(\frac{a_2}{a_3}\right)^{n-1} + \dots + \left(\frac{a_{n-1}}{a_n}\right)^{n-1} + \left(\frac{a_n}{a_1}\right)^{n-1} \geq \frac{a_1^2 + a_2^2 + \dots + a_n^2}{\sqrt[n]{a_1^2 a_2^2 \dots a_n^2}}.
This inequality is obtained by adding the inequality below with its analogues obtained by cyclic permutation of the variables:
(n−1)⋅(a1a2)n−1+(n−2)⋅(a2a3)n−1+⋯+(an−1an)n−1≥≥n(n−1)2⋅((a1a2)n−1(a2a3)n−2…(an−1an)2n)==n(n−1)2(a1na1a2a3…an)2n. \begin{aligned} & (n-1) \cdot \left(\frac{a_1}{a_2}\right)^{n-1} + (n-2) \cdot \left(\frac{a_2}{a_3}\right)^{n-1} + \dots + \left(\frac{a_{n-1}}{a_n}\right)^{n-1} \geq \\ & \geq \frac{n(n-1)}{2} \cdot \left( \left(\frac{a_1}{a_2}\right)^{n-1} \left(\frac{a_2}{a_3}\right)^{n-2} \dots \left(\frac{a_{n-1}}{a_n}\right)^{\frac{2}{n}} \right) = \\ & = \frac{n(n-1)}{2} \left( \frac{a_1^n}{a_1 a_2 a_3 \dots a_n} \right)^{\frac{2}{n}}. \end{aligned}
Equality holds if all the numbers are equal to 11.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.