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Iranian Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 6.7 National Olympiad Prove it Iran

Two circles ω1(O)\omega_1(O) and ω2\omega_2 intersect each other at A,BA, B. And OO lies on ω2\omega_2. Let SS be the foot of perpendicular line to ABAB from OO. Line OSOS intersects ω2\omega_2 for the second time at PP. The bisector of ASP^\widehat{ASP} intersects ω1\omega_1 at LL (AA and LL are on the same side of the line OPOP). Let KK be a point on ω2\omega_2 such that PS=PKPS = PK (AA and KK are on the same side of the line OPOP). Prove that SL=KLSL = KL.

Figure 1

Solution

Let QQ be the intersection point of PKPK, ABAB and let L′L' be the incenter of triangle QSPQSP. We'll prove that L≡L′L \equiv L'.

We know that QSP^=OKP^=90∘\widehat{QSP} = \widehat{OKP} = 90^\circ therefore QKSOQKSO is a cyclic quadrilateral. And since PS=PKPS = PK, it's also concluded that PQ=POPQ = PO. Now we have
QLS^=90∘+12QPS^=90∘+12QPO^=180∘−QOP^=180∘−QOS^. \widehat{QLS} = 90^\circ + \frac{1}{2}\widehat{QPS} = 90^\circ + \frac{1}{2}\widehat{QPO} = 180^\circ - \widehat{QOP} = 180^\circ - \widehat{QOS}.
So QL′SOQL'SO is a cyclic quadrilateral and points Q,K,L′,S,OQ, K, L', S, O lie on circle with diameter OQOQ. Note that
QL′K^=QSK^=90∘−KSP^=12KPS^=KPL′^  ⟹  QK⋅QP=(QL′)2 \begin{aligned} \widehat{QL'K} &= \widehat{QSK} = 90^\circ - \widehat{KSP} = \frac{1}{2}\widehat{KPS} = \widehat{KPL'} \\ \implies QK \cdot QP &= (QL')^2 \end{aligned}
The LHS of the latest equation is the power of point QQ with respect to ω2\omega_2. Since QQ lies on the radical axis of circles ω1,ω2\omega_1, \omega_2, we have
(QL′)2=QK⋅QP=QO2−QA2=(QL′)2+(OL′)2−OA2 (QL')^2 = QK \cdot QP = QO^2 - QA^2 = (QL')^2 + (OL')^2 - OA^2
  ⟹  OL′=OA. \implies OL' = OA.
So L′L' lies on ω1\omega_1 which means LL and L′L' are the same points. Now since LL lies on the angle bisector of KPS^\widehat{KPS}, we finally conclude that SL=KLSL = KL.

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