Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / Iranian Mathematical Olympiad /120 of 270

Iranian Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 6.4 National Olympiad Prove it Iran

Consider triangle ABCABC with orthocenter HH. Let points MM and NN be the midpoints of segments BCBC and AHAH. Point DD lies on line MHMH so that AD∥BCAD \parallel BC and point KK lies on line AHAH so that DNMKDNMK is cyclic. Points EE and FF lie on lines ACAC and ABAB such that ∠EHM=∠C\angle EHM = \angle C and ∠FHM=∠B\angle FHM = \angle B. Prove that points D,E,FD, E, F and KK lie on a circle.

Solution

First we prove that EE, MM and FF are collinear. Let H′H' be the reflection of HH with respect to MM. It is known that AH′AH' is diameter of circumcircle of triangle ABCABC, and so ∠H′CA=90∘\angle H'CA = 90^\circ.

Figure 1

Let E′E' be the intersection point of perpendicular line to HH′HH' through MM with ACAC. The goal is to show that E′≡EE' \equiv E.
∠H′ME′+∠H′CE′=180∘\angle H'ME' + \angle H'CE' = 180^\circ, thus H′ME′CH'ME'C is a cyclic quadrilateral and thus
∠C=∠EH′M=∠E′HM  ⟹  E′≡E \angle C = \angle EH'M = \angle E'HM \implies E' \equiv E
Using the same argument, it is proved that ∠HMF=90∘\angle HMF = 90^\circ. So EFEF is the perpendicular bisector of HH′HH'. Hence EE, MM and FF are collinear. Now we show that DAH′KDAH'K is cyclic and points EE and FF lie on the circumcircle passing through these points. Notice that
HMHH′=HNHA=12, \frac{HM}{HH'} = \frac{HN}{HA} = \frac{1}{2},
therefore AH′∥MNAH' \parallel MN and ∠MDK=∠MNK=∠H′AK\angle MDK = \angle MNK = \angle H'AK so DAH′KDAH'K is cyclic. It suffices to prove that EE lies on circumcircle of DAH′DAH'.
∠EH′D=∠C∠DAE=∠A+∠B}  ⟹  ∠EH′D+∠DAE=180∘  ⟹  DAEH′ is cyclic. \left. \begin{array}{l} \angle EH'D = \angle C \\ \angle DAE = \angle A + \angle B \end{array} \right\} \implies \angle EH'D + \angle DAE = 180^\circ \\ \implies DAEH' \text{ is cyclic.}
Hence the claim of the problem.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,604 problems in a working order, from Junior Challenge level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.