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Geometry Difficulty 6.9 National Olympiad Prove it Taiwan

Let ABC\triangle ABC be an acute triangle, and let MM be the midpoint of ACAC. A circle ω\omega passing through BB and MM meets the sides ABAB and BCBC again at PP and QQ, respectively. Let TT be the point such that the quadrilateral BPTQBPTQ is a parallelogram. Suppose that TT lies on the circumcircle of the triangle ABCABC. Determine all possible values of BT/BMBT/BM.

Solution

BT/BM=2BT/BM = \sqrt{2}

SS 為平行四邊形 BPTMBPTM 的中心, 並令點 BBB' \neq B 是在射線 BMBM 上滿足 BM=MBBM = MB' 的點, 如圖 1 所示。易知 ABCBABCB' 為平行四邊形。

Figure 1

圖 1

所以, ABB=PQM\angle ABB' = \angle PQM, 以及 BBA=BBC=MPQ\angle BB'A = \angle B'BC = \angle MPQ, 由此得 ABBMQP\triangle ABB' \sim \triangle MQP。於是 AMAMMSMS 分別是這兩個相似三角形對應邊的中線。可知

SMP=BAM=BCA=BTA.(1) \angle SMP = \angle B'AM = \angle BCA = \angle BTA. \quad (1)

因為 ACT=PBT\angle ACT = \angle PBT,以及 TAC=TBC=BTP\angle TAC = \angle TBC = \angle BTP,可得 TCAPBT\triangle TCA \sim \triangle PBT。再一次,TMTMPSPS 分別是這兩個相似三角形對應邊的中線,可知

MTA=TPS=BQP=BMP.(2) \angle MTA = \angle TPS = \angle BQP = \angle BMP. \quad (2)

以下分兩種情況討論。

Case 1. SS 不在 BMBM 線上。因為 AACC 兩點的角色是對稱的, 我們不妨假設 SSAA 位於 BMBM 直線的同側。

利用 (1) 及 (2), 得
BMS=BMPSMP=MTABTA=MTB, \angle BMS = \angle BMP - \angle SMP = \angle MTA - \angle BTA = \angle MTB,
故兩三角形 BSMBSMBMTBMT 相似。於是 BM2=BSBT=BT2/2BM^2 = BS \cdot BT = BT^2/2,即
BT=2BM BT = \sqrt{2}BM

Case 2. SS 落在 BMBM 線上。由 (2) 知 BCA=MTA=BQP=BMP\angle BCA = \angle MTA = \angle BQP = \angle BMP (如圖 2 所示)。所以 PQACPQ \parallel AC, 且 PMATPM \parallel AT。於是 BS/BM=BP/BA=BM/BTBS/BM = BP/BA = BM/BT, 一樣得到 BT2=2BM2BT^2 = 2BM^2, 所以 BT=2BMBT = \sqrt{2}BM

Figure 2

圖 2

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from zh; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.