Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /5 of 6

Geometry Difficulty 8.6 Shortlist Prove it Germany

Problem:

Let ABCDABCD be a convex cyclic quadrilateral with AD=BD|AD| = |BD|. Let its diagonals AC\overline{AC} and BD\overline{BD} intersect at EE. Let II denote the incenter of triangle BCEBCE. Let the circumcircle of triangle BIEBIE intersect the interior of the segment AE\overline{AE} at the point NN.

Prove that
ANNC=CDBN |AN| \cdot |NC| = |CD| \cdot |BN|

Solution

Solution:

If we set = DAB\text{= DAB}, then we must also have ABD =\text{ABD =}, since triangle ABDABD was assumed to be isosceles. From this it follows that BDA = 180 - 2\text{BDA = 180 - 2}, and by means of the inscribed angle theorem it follows that BCE = BCA = 180 - 2\text{BCE = BCA = 180 - 2}.

Figure 1

Next we want to express the angle BIEBIE in terms of φ\varphi: Since the lines BIBI and EIEI are angle bisectors in triangle BCEBCE, we have
BIE = 180 - ( IEB + EBI) = 90 + 1 2 (180 - CEB + EBC ) = 90 + 1 2 BCE,\text{BIE = 180 - ( IEB + EBI) = 90 + 1 2 (180 - CEB + EBC ) = 90 + 1 2 BCE,}
which, combined with the previous result, gives
BIE = 90 + 1 2 (180 - 2 ) = 180 - .\text{BIE = 90 + 1 2 (180 - 2 ) = 180 - .}

Since BIENBIEN is a convex cyclic quadrilateral, this implies CNB =\text{CNB =}. Since by the inscribed angle theorem over the chord AD\overline{AD} we also have ACD =\text{ACD =}, it follows that CDBNCD \parallel BN must hold.

Now extend the segment BN\overline{BN} beyond NN until it meets the circumcircle of the quadrilateral ABCDABCD again at QQ. By applying the inscribed angle theorem over the chord BD\overline{BD}, we obtain DQB =\text{DQB =}, which in turn implies CNQDCN \parallel QD.

Since both pairs of opposite sides of the quadrilateral CNQDCNQD are thus parallel, it must be a parallelogram. Hence CD=NQ|CD| = |NQ|, and as soon as we substitute this into the equation
ANNC=BNNQ |AN| \cdot |NC| = |BN| \cdot |NQ|
which follows from the power of a point (intersecting chords theorem), the claim is proven.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from de; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.