Problem:
A musical performer has three different outfits. In how many ways can she dress up for seven different performances such that each outfit is worn at least once? (Assume that outfits can be washed and dried between performances.)
Problem:
A musical performer has three different outfits. In how many ways can she dress up for seven different performances such that each outfit is worn at least once? (Assume that outfits can be washed and dried between performances.)
Solution:
Let the three outfits be , , and . For each performance, the performer can choose any of the three outfits, so there are total ways to assign outfits to the seven performances.
However, we require that each outfit is worn at least once. We use the principle of Inclusion-Exclusion.
Let be the set of all assignments. For each outfit (, , or ), let be the set of assignments where outfit is not worn at all.
The number of assignments where at least one outfit is not worn is:
Now,
- : If outfit is not worn, only two outfits are available for all performances, so ways.
- : If two outfits are not worn, only one outfit is available, so way.
- : No outfit is worn, which is impossible, so ways.
There are 3 choices for and 3 choices for pairs .
So, by Inclusion-Exclusion:
Number of ways
Calculate:
-
-
-
-
So,
Number of ways
Final Answer: