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Algebra Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it Iran

Let aa, bb, cc, dd be four non-zero complex numbers such that
2abb,2bcc,2cdd,2daa. 2|a - b| \le |b|, \quad 2|b - c| \le |c|, \quad 2|c - d| \le |d|, \quad 2|d - a| \le |a|.
Prove that
ba+cb+dc+ad>72. \left| \frac{b}{a} + \frac{c}{b} + \frac{d}{c} + \frac{a}{d} \right| > \frac{7}{2}.

Solution

ab112,bc112,cd112,da112. \left| \frac{a}{b} - 1 \right| \le \frac{1}{2}, \quad \left| \frac{b}{c} - 1 \right| \le \frac{1}{2}, \quad \left| \frac{c}{d} - 1 \right| \le \frac{1}{2}, \quad \left| \frac{d}{a} - 1 \right| \le \frac{1}{2}.
Putting (ab,bc,cd,da)=(x,y,z,t)(\frac{a}{b}, \frac{b}{c}, \frac{c}{d}, \frac{d}{a}) = (x, y, z, t) such that x112|x-1| \le \frac{1}{2}, y112|y-1| \le \frac{1}{2}, z112|z-1| \le \frac{1}{2}, t112|t-1| \le \frac{1}{2} we are going to prove that
1x+1y+1z+1t>72. \left| \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y} + \frac{1}{z} + \frac{1}{t} \right| > \frac{7}{2}.
by letting x=u+ivx = u + iv, for some real numbers uu, vv such that u2+v22u34u^2 + v^2 \le 2u - \frac{3}{4}. It follows that u38u \ge \frac{3}{8}. Since
1x=uivu2+v2, \frac{1}{x} = \frac{u - iv}{u^2 + v^2},
We would obtain
1x+1y+1z+1t=uivu2+v2(uivu2+v2)=uu2+v2cycuu2+v2. \left| \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y} + \frac{1}{z} + \frac{1}{t} \right| = \left| \sum \frac{u - iv}{u^2 + v^2} \right| \ge \left| \Re \left( \sum \frac{u - iv}{u^2 + v^2} \right) \right| \\ = \left| \sum \frac{u}{u^2 + v^2} \right| \ge \sum_{cyc} \frac{u}{u^2 + v^2}.

Since u12(u2+v2+34)u \ge \frac{1}{2}(u^2 + v^2 + \frac{3}{4}) we would obtain
cycuu2+v212cycu2+v2+34u2+v2=2+38cyc1u2+v2=2+38cyc1x2. \sum_{cyc} \frac{u}{u^2 + v^2} \ge \frac{1}{2} \sum_{cyc} \frac{u^2 + v^2 + \frac{3}{4}}{u^2 + v^2} = 2 + \frac{3}{8} \sum_{cyc} \frac{1}{u^2 + v^2} = 2 + \frac{3}{8} \sum_{cyc} \frac{1}{|x|^2}.
Notice that xyzt=1xyzt = 1 thus, according to AM-GM inequality,
cyc1x241x2y2z2t24=4. \sum_{cyc} \frac{1}{|x|^2} \ge 4 \sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{|x|^2 |y|^2 |z|^2 |t|^2}} = 4.
Hence,
cycuu2+v22+438=72. \sum_{cyc} \frac{u}{u^2 + v^2} \ge 2 + 4 \cdot \frac{3}{8} = \frac{7}{2}.
Notice that this inequality has no equality case.

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