Maths Olympiad Prep

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Number theory Difficulty 5.0 AIME Prove it United States

Problem:

Determine the number of integers 2n20162 \leq n \leq 2016 such that nn1n^{n}-1 is divisible by 2,3,5,72,3,5,7.

Solution

Solution:

Only n1(mod210)n \equiv 1 \pmod{210} work. Proof: we require gcd(n,210)=1\gcd(n, 210) = 1. Note that for all p7p \leq 7 the order of nn (mod p)(\bmod\ p) divides p1p-1, hence is relatively prime to any p7p \leq 7. So nn1(modp)n1(modp)n^{n} \equiv 1 \pmod{p} \Longleftrightarrow n \equiv 1 \pmod{p} for each of these pp.

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