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Geometry Difficulty 6.4 National Olympiad Prove it Taiwan

Let H,ΓH, \Gamma be the orthocenter and circumcircle of acute triangle ABCABC, respectively, and let MM be the midpoint of side BCBC. Take a point DD on the minor arc BCBC of Γ\Gamma such that BAD=MAC\angle BAD = \angle MAC, and take points E,FE, F on Γ\Gamma and on line BCBC respectively, such that DEDE and DFDF are perpendicular to AMAM and BCBC respectively. Let NN be the intersection point of line HFHF and AMAM, and let RR be the reflection of HH with respect to NN.

Prove that AER+DFR=180\angle AER + \angle DFR = 180^\circ.

Solution

Let XX be the intersection point of AMAM and Γ\Gamma other than AA, then
XDC=XAC=MAC=BAD=BCD, \angle XDC = \angle XAC = \angle MAC = \angle BAD = \angle BCD,
that is, DXBCDX \parallel BC. Since AD,AXAD, AX are isogonal lines with respect to BAC\angle BAC, BDXCBDXC is an isosceles trapezoid, hence the reflection DD' of DD with respect to BCBC is the reflection of XX with respect to MM. Let AA^* be the antipode of AA with respect to Γ\Gamma, and let YY be the midpoint of HE\overline{HE}, then MM is the midpoint of HA\overline{HA}^*, so AER\triangle A^*ER is the image of MYN\triangle MYN under a homothety centered at HH with ratio 22. Since AXAX is perpendicular to DEDE, and AX,AAAX, AA^* are isogonal lines with respect to DAE\angle DAE, DXAEDXA^*E is an isosceles trapezoid. Note that (mod 360360^\circ)
FMA=DXA=90EDX=90AED=(XA,AE)=AMY, \angle FMA = \angle DXA = 90^\circ - \angle EDX = 90^\circ - \angle A^*ED = \angle (XA, A^*E) = \angle AMY,
so combined with FM=12DX=12AE=MY\overline{FM} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \overline{DX} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \overline{A^*E} = \overline{MY}, we obtain that YY is the reflection of FF with respect to AMAM.
Since MAE=DAA=HAM\angle MAE = \angle DAA^* = \angle HAM, AEAE is the reflection of line AHAH with respect to AMAM. Therefore
180DFR=(NF,HA)=(AE,YN)=AER. 180^\circ - \angle DFR = \angle (NF, HA) = \angle (AE, YN) = \angle AER.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from zh; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.