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Geometry Difficulty 8.4 Shortlist Prove it IMO

Let ABCABC be a triangle with AC>BCAC > BC. Let ω\omega be the circumcircle of triangle ABCABC and let rr be the radius of ω\omega. Point PP lies on segment ACAC such that BC=CPBC = CP and point SS is the foot of the perpendicular from PP to line ABAB. Let ray BPBP intersect ω\omega again at DD and let QQ lie on line SPSP such that PQ=rPQ = r and S,P,QS, P, Q lie on the line in that order. Finally, let the line perpendicular to CQCQ from AA intersect the line perpendicular to DQDQ from BB at EE.
Prove that EE lies on ω\omega.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Solution 1 (Similar Triangles).
Figure 1
First observe that
DPA=BPC=CP=CBCBP=CBD=CAD=PAD \angle DPA = \angle BPC \stackrel{CP=CB}{=} \angle CBP = \angle CBD = \angle CAD = \angle PAD
so DP=DADP = DA. Thus there is a symmetry in the problem statement swapping (A,D)(B,C)(A, D) \leftrightarrow (B, C).
Let OO be the centre of ω\omega and let EE be the reflection of PP in CDCD which, by
CED=DPC=180CPB=CP=CB180PBC=180DBC \angle CED = \angle DPC = 180^{\circ} - \angle CPB \stackrel{CP=CB}{=} 180^{\circ} - \angle PBC = 180^{\circ} - \angle DBC
lies on ω\omega. We claim the two lines concur at EE. By the symmetry noted above, it suffices to prove that BEDQBE \perp DQ and then AECQAE \perp CQ will follow by symmetry.
We have AO=PQAO = PQ, AD=DPAD = DP and
DAO=90ABD=PQABDPQ. \angle DAO = 90^{\circ} - \angle ABD \stackrel{PQ \perp AB}{=} \angle DPQ.
Hence AODPQD\triangle AOD \cong \triangle PQD. Thus
QDB+DBE=ODA+DAE=DE=DAODA+AED=(90AED)+AED=90\angle QDB + \angle DBE = \angle ODA + \angle DAE \stackrel{DE=DA}{=} \angle ODA + \angle AED = (90^{\circ} - \angle AED) + \angle AED = 90^{\circ} giving BEDQBE \perp DQ as required.

Solution 2

Solution 2 (Second Circle).
Figure 2
As in Solution 1, we prove that DA=DPDA = DP and note the symmetry in the problem statement swapping (A,D)(B,C)(A, D) \leftrightarrow (B, C).
Let Γ\Gamma be the circumcircle of PCD\triangle PCD. Since DP=DADP = DA and ACD=PCD\angle ACD = \angle PCD, the radius of Γ\Gamma is equal to that of ω\omega. We have that
DPQ=BPS=90ABD=90PCD. \angle DPQ = \angle BPS = 90^{\circ} - \angle ABD = 90^{\circ} - \angle PCD.
This, combined with PQPQ being equal to the common circumradius of Γ\Gamma and ω\omega, means that QQ is the circumcentre of Γ\Gamma.
Let the perpendiculars to CQ,DQCQ, DQ from A,BA, B intersect at EE then we have
EAC=90ACQ=QC=QP90QPC=90SPA=CABEAB=2PABDBE=90QDP=QD=QP90DPQ=90BPS=ABDABE=2ABP. \begin{aligned} & \angle EAC = 90^{\circ} - \angle ACQ \stackrel{QC=QP}{=} 90^{\circ} - \angle QPC = 90^{\circ} - \angle SPA = \angle CAB \Longrightarrow \angle EAB = 2\angle PAB \\ & \angle DBE = 90^{\circ} - \angle QDP \stackrel{QD=QP}{=} 90^{\circ} - \angle DPQ = 90^{\circ} - \angle BPS = \angle ABD \Longrightarrow \angle ABE = 2\angle ABP . \end{aligned}
Combining these
BEA=1802(PAB+ABP)=1802APD=DA=DPBDA \angle BEA = 180^{\circ} - 2(\angle PAB + \angle ABP) = 180^{\circ} - 2\angle APD \stackrel{DA=DP}{=} \angle BDA
which gives that EE lies on ω\omega.

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