Three spheres with radii , , and are mutually externally tangent. A plane intersects the spheres in three congruent circles centered at , , and , respectively, and the centers of the spheres all lie on the same side of this plane. Suppose that . Find .
, 2022
Solution
Let the spheres with radii , , and have centers , , and , respectively, and let the three circles have common radius . Segments , , and are perpendicular to the plane of , so is the projection of onto that plane. Similarly, is the projection of onto that plane.

If is any point on the circle centered at , then is a right triangle with and , so . Similarly, and . The Pythagorean Theorem gives , so from , it follows that
Thus and . Hence , , , and .
Because , it follows that
Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track
puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.