Solution:
Write
$$\begin{gathered} x^{8}-x^{7}+2 x^{6}-2 x^{5}+3 x^{4}-3 x^{3}+4 x^{2}-4 x+\frac{5}{2} \\ =x(x-1)\left(x^{6}+2 x^{4}+3 x^{2}+4\right)+\frac{5}{2} \end{gathered}$$
If $x(x-1) \geq 0$, i.e. $x \leq 0$ or $x \geq 1$, the equation has no roots. If $0<x<1$, then $0>x(x-1)=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2}-\frac{1}{4} \geq-\frac{1}{4}$ and $x^{6}+2 x^{4}+3 x+4<1+2+3+4=10$. The value of the left-hand side of the equation now is larger than $-\frac{1}{4} \cdot 10+\frac{5}{2}=0$. The equation has no roots in the interval $(0,1)$ either.