Determine all positive integers , , for which there exist positive integers , , , such that: , , , where denotes the product .
Solution
We can easily see that .
If , then observe that doesn't divide . Indeed, if for example, , then doesn't divide , but divides , contradiction.
This means that two of the numbers are congruent mod . Due to the symmetry,
suppose that . Then, we have
However, , so , which is absurd, since for all integers , we have
.
It follows that one of is smaller than , let it be . Then and from
, we get , so . Then, from the second relation,
, so all solutions have the form with its cyclic permutations.
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