Suppose a, b, c are real numbers such that a+b+c=1. Prove that a3+b3+c3+3(1−a)(1−b)(1−c)=1.
Solutions — 3
Solution 1
a3+b3+c3−3abc=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2−ab−bc−ca)=a2+b2+c2−ab−bc−ca=(a+b+c)2−3(ab+bc+ca)=1−3(ab+bc+ca), and (1−a)(1−b)(1−c)=1−(a+b+c)+(ab+bc+ca)−abc=ab+bc+ca−abc. Hence a3+b3+c3=1+3abc−3(ab+bc+ca)=1−3(ab+bc+ca−abc)=1−3(1−a)(1−b)(1−c), as claimed.
Solution 2
1=(a+b+c)3=a3+b3+c3+3(a2b+ab2+b2c+bc2+c2a+ca2)+6abc.(1) Next we use a+b+c=1 to get 1−a=b+c, 1−b=c+a, 1−c=a+b, which gives a3+b3+c3+3(1−a)(1−b)(1−c)=a3+b3+c3+3(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=a3+b3+c3+3(a2b+ab2+b2c+bc2+c2a+ca2)+6abc.(2) Finally, we note that the expressions on the right-hand sides of (1) and (2) are the same. This completes the proof.
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