Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /66 of 91

, 2010

Geometry Difficulty 6.8 National Olympiad Prove it India

Let ABC\triangle ABC be a triangle. Let ADAD, BEBE, CFCF be cevians such that BAD=CBE=ACF\angle BAD = \angle CBE = \angle ACF. Suppose these cevians concur at a point Ω\Omega. (Such a point exists for each triangle and it is called a Brocard point.) Prove that
AΩ2BC2+BΩ2CA2+CΩ2AB21 \frac{A\Omega^2}{BC^2} + \frac{B\Omega^2}{CA^2} + \frac{C\Omega^2}{AB^2} \ge 1

Solution

Note that BΩD=ABΩ+BAΩ=Bα+α=B\angle B\Omega D = \angle AB\Omega + BA\Omega = B - \alpha + \alpha = B, where α\alpha is the Brocard angle. Thus triangles BΩDB\Omega D and ABDABD are similar. It follows that BD2=ADΩDBD^2 = AD \cdot \Omega D. Let BD:DC=x:yBD : DC = x : y, CE:EA=z:xCE : EA = z : x, AF:FB=y:zAF : FB = y : z. Then BD=ax/(x+y)BD = a x/(x+y). We also have
ΩDAD=zx+y+z,AΩAD=x+yx+y+z. \frac{\Omega D}{AD} = \frac{z}{x+y+z}, \quad \frac{A\Omega}{AD} = \frac{x+y}{x+y+z}.
Using this we get x2a2/(x+y)2=zAD2/(x+y+z)x^2 a^2/(x+y)^2 = z AD^2/(x+y+z). This implies that
AΩ2=(x+y)2(x+y+z)2AD2=1x+y+zx2za2. A\Omega^2 = \frac{(x+y)^2}{(x+y+z)^2} AD^2 = \frac{1}{x+y+z} \cdot \frac{x^2}{z} \cdot a^2.
Thus
AΩ2BC2=1x+y+zx2z. \frac{A\Omega^2}{BC^2} = \frac{1}{x+y+z} \cdot \frac{x^2}{z}.

We obtain
cyclicAΩ2BC2=1x+y+zcyclicx2z1, \sum_{\text{cyclic}} \frac{A\Omega^2}{BC^2} = \frac{1}{x+y+z} \sum_{\text{cyclic}} \frac{x^2}{z} \geq 1,
as
(x+y+z)2(x+y+z)cyclicx2z, (x + y + z)^2 \leq (x + y + z) \sum_{\text{cyclic}} \frac{x^2}{z},
by Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.