We will use the following notation:
Hi=k=1∑ik1Pi(m)=k=m∑Nk(k+1)Hk+i.
Lemma 1. For all i≥1 and all 1≤M≤N we have
k=M∑Nk(k+i)1<i1k=M∑M+i−1k1.
Proof. Using k(k+i)1=i1(k1−k+i1) we see that
k=M∑Nk(k+i)1=i1k=M∑N(k1−k+i1)=i1k=M∑M+i−1k1−i1k=N+1∑N+ik1<i1k=M∑M+i−1k1.
If M+i−1≤N the terms 1/k for M+i≤k≤N cancel out as they appear in both sums. When M+i−1>N, we have introduced extra terms which appear in both sums. In this case, the sum on the right hand side would only need to go up to k=N, but we don't need this stronger inequality. □
i=2k=M∑Nk(k+2)1<2M1+2(M+1)1(32)
M=1k=1∑Nk(k+i)1<i1k=1∑ik1=iHi(33)
Lemma 2. For all N>m≥1 and i≥1 we have
Pi(m)<m1Hm+i+i1k=m+1∑m+ik1.
Pi(m)=k=m∑Nk(k+1)Hk+i=k=m∑N(k1−k+11)Hk+i=k=m∑Nk1Hk+i−k=m+1∑N+1k1Hk+i−1=m1Hm+i+k=m+1∑Nk1(Hk+i−Hk+i−1)−N+11HN+i<m1Hm+i+k=m+1∑Nk(k+i)1<m1Hm+i+i1k=m+1∑m+ik1using Lemma 1.
□
In particular, we obtain
P1(m)<m+11+m1Hm+1(34)
P2(m)<2(m+1)1+2(m+2)1+m1Hm+2.(35)
S=a,b,c=1∑Nabc(a+b+c+1)1=a,b=1∑Nab1c=1∑Nc(a+b+c+1)1<a,b=1∑Nab(a+b+1)Ha+b+1=a,b=1∑Naba+b⋅(a+b)(a+b+1)Ha+b+1=k=2∑2Na+b=k∑(a1+b1)k(k+1)Hk+1=2k=2∑2Nm=1∑k−1m1⋅k(k+1)Hk+1.using (33) with i=a+b+1
\sum_{k=2}^{2N} \sum_{m=1}^{k-1} \frac{1}{m} \cdot \frac{H_{k+1}}{k(k+1)} = \sum_{m=1}^{2N-1} \frac{1}{m} \sum_{k=m+1}^{2N} \frac{H_{k+1}}{k(k+1)}.
Therefore,
S<2m=1∑2N−1m1k=m+1∑2Nk(k+1)Hk+1=2m=1∑2N−1m1P1(m+1)<2m=1∑2N−1m1(m+21+m+11Hm+2)=2m=1∑2N−1m(m+2)1+2m=1∑2N−1m(m+1)Hm+2=2m=1∑2N−1m(m+2)1+2P2(1)<1+21+2(41+61+H3)=6.using (34)using (32) and (35).