Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 8.4 Shortlist Prove it IMO

Let ABCDABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral whose diagonals ACAC and BDBD meet at EE. The extensions of the sides ADAD and BCBC beyond AA and BB meet at FF. Let GG be the point such that ECGDECGD is a parallelogram, and let HH be the image of EE under reflection in ADAD. Prove that DD, HH, FF, GG are concyclic.

Solution

We show first that the triangles FDGFDG and FBEFBE are similar. Since ABCDABCD is cyclic, the triangles EABEAB and EDCEDC are similar, as well as FABFAB and FCDFCD. The parallelogram ECGDECGD yields GD=ECGD = EC and CDG=DCE\angle CDG = \angle DCE; also DCE=DCA=DBA\angle DCE = \angle DCA = \angle DBA by inscribed angles. Therefore
FDG=FDC+CDG=FBA+ABD=FBE,GDEB=CEEB=CDAB=FDFB. \begin{gathered} \angle FDG = \angle FDC + \angle CDG = \angle FBA + \angle ABD = \angle FBE, \\ \frac{GD}{EB} = \frac{CE}{EB} = \frac{CD}{AB} = \frac{FD}{FB} . \end{gathered}
It follows that FDGFDG and FBEFBE are similar, and so FGD=FEB\angle FGD = \angle FEB.
Figure 1
Since HH is the reflection of EE with respect to FDFD, we conclude that
FHD=FED=180FEB=180FGD. \angle FHD = \angle FED = 180^{\circ} - \angle FEB = 180^{\circ} - \angle FGD .

This proves that DD, HH, FF, GG are concyclic.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.