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Geometry Difficulty 8.5 Shortlist Prove it IMO

Let ABCDEABCD E be a convex pentagon such that BC=DEBC = DE. Assume there is a point TT inside ABCDEABCDE with TB=TDTB = TD, TC=TETC = TE and TBA=AET\angle TBA = \angle AET. Let lines CDCD and CTCT intersect line ABAB at points PP and QQ, respectively, and let lines CDCD and DTDT intersect line AEAE at points RR and SS, respectively. Assume that points P,B,A,QP, B, A, Q and R,E,A,SR, E, A, S respectively, are collinear and occur on their lines in this order. Prove that the points P,S,Q,RP, S, Q, R are concyclic.

(Slovakia)

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

By the conditions we have BC=DEBC = DE, CT=ETCT = ET and TB=TDTB = TD, so the triangles TBCTBC and TDETDE are congruent, in particular BTC=DTE\angle BTC = \angle DTE.

In triangles TBQTBQ and TESTES we have TBQ=SET\angle TBQ = \angle SET and QTB=180BTC=180DTE=ETS\angle QTB = 180^\circ - \angle BTC = 180^\circ - \angle DTE = \angle ETS, so these triangles are similar to each other. It follows that TSE=BQT\angle TSE = \angle BQT and
TDTQ=TBTQ=TETS=TCTS. \frac{TD}{TQ} = \frac{TB}{TQ} = \frac{TE}{TS} = \frac{TC}{TS}.
By rearranging this relation we get TDTS=TCTQTD \cdot TS = TC \cdot TQ, so C,D,QC, D, Q and SS are concyclic. (Alternatively, we can get CQD=CSD\angle CQD = \angle CSD from the similar triangles TCSTCS and TDQTDQ.) Hence, DCQ=DSQ\angle DCQ = \angle DSQ.

Finally, from the angles of triangle CQPCQP we get
RPQ=RCQPQC=DSQDSR=RSQ, \angle RPQ = \angle RCQ - \angle PQC = \angle DSQ - \angle DSR = \angle RSQ,
which proves that P,Q,RP, Q, R and SS are concyclic.

Solution 2

As in the previous solution, we note that triangles TBCTBC and TDETDE are congruent. Denote the intersection point of DTDT and BABA by VV, and the intersection point of CTCT and EAEA by WW. From triangles BCQBCQ and DESDES we then have
VSW=DSE=180SETTEDEDT=180TBATCBCBT=180QCBCBQ=BQC=VQW \begin{aligned} \angle VSW & = \angle DSE = 180^\circ - \angle SET - \angle TED - \angle EDT \\ & = 180^\circ - \angle TBA - \angle TCB - \angle CBT = 180^\circ - \angle QCB - \angle CBQ = \angle BQC = \angle VQW \end{aligned}
meaning that VSQWVSQW is cyclic, and in particular WVQ=WSQ\angle WVQ = \angle WSQ. Since
VTB=180BTCCTD=180CTDDTE=ETW, \angle VTB = 180^\circ - \angle BTC - \angle CTD = 180^\circ - \angle CTD - \angle DTE = \angle ETW,
and TBV=WET\angle TBV = \angle WET by assumption, we have that the triangles VTBVTB and WTEWTE are similar, hence
VTWT=BTET=DTCT. \frac{VT}{WT} = \frac{BT}{ET} = \frac{DT}{CT}.
Thus CDVWCD \parallel VW, and angle chasing yields
RPQ=WVQ=WSQ=RSQ \angle RPQ = \angle WVQ = \angle WSQ = \angle RSQ
concluding the proof.

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