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Geometry Difficulty 4.6 AIME Prove it Ireland

ABCDABCD is a trapezium, in which a circle can be inscribed, with ABAB parallel to DCDC and ADAD equal to but not parallel to BCBC. The inscribed circle touches ABAB, BCBC, CDCD and DADA at XX, YY, ZZ and WW respectively. XZXZ and WYWY intersect at PP. Prove that the diagonals of ABCDABCD pass through PP.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Let EE be the intersection point of the lines ADAD and BCBC. As AD=BC|AD| = |BC|, the triangle ABEABE is isosceles with axis of symmetry the line through XX and EE. In particular, AA, PP, CC are collinear iff BB, PP, DD are collinear.

Figure 1

According to the converse of Menelaus' Theorem for the triangle EWYEWY, the three points BB, PP, DD are collinear iff
EDDWWPPYBYBE=1. \frac{|ED|}{|DW|} \cdot \frac{|WP|}{|PY|} \cdot \frac{|BY|}{|BE|} = 1.

CECZ=BEBX. \frac{|CE|}{|CZ|} = \frac{|BE|}{|BX|}.

But this equation is true as the triangles BEXBEX and CEZCEZ are similar.

Solution 2

Note that AD=BC|AD| = |BC| implies that the line through ZZ and XX is an axis of symmetry for the trapezium ABCDABCD. In particular, AA, PP, CC are collinear iff BB, PP, DD are collinear.

Figure 2

Because the three lines ABAB, WYWY and DCDC are parallel, it follows that
ZPPX=CYYB. \frac{|ZP|}{|PX|} = \frac{|CY|}{|YB|}.

As CY=CZ=DZ|CY| = |CZ| = |DZ| and YB=BX|YB| = |BX|, we obtain
tan(PBX)=PXBX=ZPDZ=tan(PDZ)=tan(DPW) \tan(\angle PBX) = \frac{|PX|}{|BX|} = \frac{|ZP|}{|DZ|} = \tan(\angle PDZ) = \tan(\angle DPW)
hence PBX=DPW\angle PBX = \angle DPW, i.e. BB, PP, DD are collinear.

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