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Geometry Difficulty 4.7 AIME Prove it Ireland

A square ABCDABCD contains a point PP such that
PA=3,PB=7andPD=5. |PA| = 3, \quad |PB| = 7 \quad \text{and} \quad |PD| = 5.
Find the area of the square.

Solution

Proceed as in the hint and let PP' denote the rotated position of PP. Thus AP=3|AP'| = 3, BP=5|BP'| = 5 and PAP=90\angle PAP' = 90^\circ. Since PAPPAP' is an isosceles right triangle with AP=AP=3|AP'| = |AP| = 3, then PP=32|PP'| = 3\sqrt{2}.

Figure 1

The area of the triangle PBPPBP' is, by Heron's formula, given by
(32+122)(3222)(32+22)(12322)=212 \sqrt{\left(\frac{3\sqrt{2}+12}{2}\right)\left(\frac{3\sqrt{2}-2}{2}\right)\left(\frac{3\sqrt{2}+2}{2}\right)\left(\frac{12-3\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)} = \frac{21}{2}
But the area of the triangle PBPPBP' is also given by 12PBPPsinBPP\frac{1}{2}|PB||PP'| \sin \angle BPP', which is equal to 2122sinBPP\frac{21\sqrt{2}}{2} \sin \angle BPP' and so 12=sinBPP\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} = \sin \angle BPP'. This gives BPP=45\angle BPP' = 45^\circ, and so APB=90\angle APB = 90^\circ. From the right triangle APBAPB we get AB2=58|AB|^2 = 58. Thus the area of the square is 5858.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.