Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /228 of 299

Geometry Difficulty 7.0 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Iran

In triangle ABCABC denote by OO and HH be the circumcenter and the orthocenter. The point PP is the reflection of AA with respect to OHOH. Assume that PP is not on the same side of BCBC as AA. Points EE and FF lie on sides ABAB and ACAC, respectively, such that BE=PCBE = PC and CF=PBCF = PB. Let KK be the intersection point of APAP and OHOH. Prove that EKF^=90\widehat{EKF} = 90^\circ.

Solution

Let MM be the midpoint of BCBC and SS be the reflection of PP over MM. First we show that SS lies on OHOH.

Figure 1

We have
{PM=MSPK=KAMKAS,MK=AS2. \begin{cases} PM = MS \\ PK = KA \end{cases} \Rightarrow MK \parallel AS, MK = \frac{AS}{2}.

MKOAHS. \triangle MKO \sim \triangle AHS.
Because of the facts that MKASMK \parallel AS and MOAHMO \parallel AH, we conclude that KOHSKO \parallel HS which means SS is a point on OHOH.

Now we show that ESF=90\overrightarrow{ESF} = 90^\circ. Note that since MB=MCMB = MC and MS=MPMS = MP, BSCPBSCP is a parallelogram, therefore
{BSC=BPC=180A^,SBC=PCBSBE=B^PCB,SCB=PBCSCF=C^PBC. \begin{cases} \overrightarrow{BSC} = \overrightarrow{BPC} = 180^\circ - \hat{A}, \\ \overrightarrow{SBC} = \overrightarrow{PCB} \Rightarrow \overrightarrow{SBE} = \hat{B} - \overrightarrow{PCB}, \\ \overrightarrow{SCB} = \overrightarrow{PBC} \Rightarrow \overrightarrow{SCF} = \hat{C} - \overrightarrow{PBC}. \end{cases}
So we have
{BS=PC=BEESB=90SBE2=90B^PCB2,CS=PB=CFFSC=90SCF2=90C^PBC2. \begin{cases} BS = PC = BE \Rightarrow \overrightarrow{ESB} = 90^\circ - \frac{SBE}{2} = 90^\circ - \frac{\hat{B}-\overrightarrow{PCB}}{2}, \\ CS = PB = CF \Rightarrow \overrightarrow{FSC} = 90^\circ - \frac{SCF}{2} = 90^\circ - \frac{\hat{C}-\overrightarrow{PBC}}{2}. \end{cases}
Therefore
ESF=360ESBFSCBSC=360(90BPCB2)(90CPBC2)(180A^)=B2+C2+APCB+PBC2=B2+C2+A2=90. \begin{align*} \overrightarrow{ESF} &= 360^\circ - \overrightarrow{ESB} - \overrightarrow{FSC} - \overrightarrow{BSC} \\ &= 360^\circ - \left(90^\circ - \frac{\overrightarrow{B-PCB}}{2}\right) - \left(90^\circ - \frac{\overrightarrow{C-PBC}}{2}\right) - \left(180^\circ - \hat{A}\right) \\ &= \frac{\overrightarrow{B}}{2} + \frac{\overrightarrow{C}}{2} + A - \frac{\overrightarrow{PCB}+\overrightarrow{PBC}}{2} \\ &= \frac{\overrightarrow{B}}{2} + \frac{\overrightarrow{C}}{2} + \frac{\overrightarrow{A}}{2} = 90^\circ. \end{align*}

Let TT be the circumcenter of triangle ESFESF, since BTBT and CTCT are the perpendicular bisectors of ESES and FSFS respectively, and since ESF=90\overline{ESF} = 90^\circ we obtain BTS^=90\widehat{BTS} = 90^\circ.

Now we show that MTAPMT \parallel AP. Let RR be the intersection of AKAK with BCBC. It suffices to show that TMB=ARB\overline{TMB} = \overline{ARB}.
If PBC^=α\widehat{PBC} = \alpha we have
ARB=α+APB=α+C^,BTC^=90MB=MC}    MB=MC=MT, \left. \begin{array}{l} \overline{ARB} = \alpha + \overline{APB} = \alpha + \hat{C}, \\ \widehat{BTC} = 90^\circ \\ MB = MC \end{array} \right\} \implies MB = MC = MT,
and so
TMB=2TCM=2(SCM+TCS)=2(α+C^α2)=α+C^=ARB. \overline{TMB} = 2\overline{TCM} = 2\left(\overline{SCM} + \overline{TCS}\right) = 2\left(\alpha + \frac{\hat{C}-\alpha}{2}\right) = \alpha + \hat{C} = \overline{ARB}.
Therefore, MTAPMT \parallel AP. We have SKP=90\overline{SKP} = 90^\circ. Also MP=MSMP = MS, so MM is the circumcenter of triangle SKPSKP and thus it lies on the perpendicular bisector of KSKS. Also since MTAPMT \parallel AP, and since APSKAP \perp SK we conclude that TMTM is the perpendicular bisector of KSKS and so TS=TKTS = TK. We also had TS=TF=TETS = TF = TE. Therefore, points E,S,KE, S, K and FF lie on a circle with center TT. So finally we obtain ESF=EKF=90\overline{ESF} = \overline{EKF} = 90^\circ.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.