In triangle ABC denote by O and H be the circumcenter and the orthocenter. The point P is the reflection of A with respect to OH. Assume that P is not on the same side of BC as A. Points E and F lie on sides AB and AC, respectively, such that BE=PC and CF=PB. Let K be the intersection point of AP and OH. Prove that EKF=90∘.
Solution
Let M be the midpoint of BC and S be the reflection of P over M. First we show that S lies on OH.
We have {PM=MSPK=KA⇒MK∥AS,MK=2AS.
△MKO∼△AHS. Because of the facts that MK∥AS and MO∥AH, we conclude that KO∥HS which means S is a point on OH.
Now we show that ESF=90∘. Note that since MB=MC and MS=MP, BSCP is a parallelogram, therefore ⎩⎨⎧BSC=BPC=180∘−A^,SBC=PCB⇒SBE=B^−PCB,SCB=PBC⇒SCF=C^−PBC. So we have ⎩⎨⎧BS=PC=BE⇒ESB=90∘−2SBE=90∘−2B^−PCB,CS=PB=CF⇒FSC=90∘−2SCF=90∘−2C^−PBC. Therefore ESF=360∘−ESB−FSC−BSC=360∘−(90∘−2B−PCB)−(90∘−2C−PBC)−(180∘−A^)=2B+2C+A−2PCB+PBC=2B+2C+2A=90∘.
Let T be the circumcenter of triangle ESF, since BT and CT are the perpendicular bisectors of ES and FS respectively, and since ESF=90∘ we obtain BTS=90∘.
Now we show that MT∥AP. Let R be the intersection of AK with BC. It suffices to show that TMB=ARB. If PBC=α we have ARB=α+APB=α+C^,BTC=90∘MB=MC⎭⎬⎫⟹MB=MC=MT, and so TMB=2TCM=2(SCM+TCS)=2(α+2C^−α)=α+C^=ARB. Therefore, MT∥AP. We have SKP=90∘. Also MP=MS, so M is the circumcenter of triangle SKP and thus it lies on the perpendicular bisector of KS. Also since MT∥AP, and since AP⊥SK we conclude that TM is the perpendicular bisector of KS and so TS=TK. We also had TS=TF=TE. Therefore, points E,S,K and F lie on a circle with center T. So finally we obtain ESF=EKF=90∘.
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