Olympiad Maths Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 7.0 National olympiad Prove it Ukraine

In a trapezoid ABCDABCD with the bases ADAD and BCBC, a point FF is chosen on the side CDCD. Let EE be the point of intersection of the lines AFAF and BDBD. A point GG is chosen on the side ABAB so that EGADEG \perp AD. Let HH be the point of intersection of the lines CGCG and BDBD, and let II be the point of intersection of the lines FHFH and ABAB. Prove that the lines CICI, FGFG and ADAD are concurrent.

Solution

Without loss of generality, assume that BC<ADBC < AD. Let SS be the point of any intersection of the lines ABAB and CDCD, and TT the point of intersection of the lines AFAF and DGDG (fig. 34).

First we prove that the points SS, HH, and TT are collinear. To this end, we use Menelaus' theorem for the triangle ABEABE and three points SS, HH, TT, that lie on the lines that contain its sides: the points SS, HH, TT will be collinear if and only if
ATTEEHHBBSSA=1. \frac{AT}{TE} \cdot \frac{EH}{HB} \cdot \frac{BS}{SA} = 1.
Because EGADEG \parallel AD, GEBCGE \parallel BC and ADBCAD \parallel BC, we have that ATDETG\triangle ATD \sim ETG, GHECHB\triangle GHE \sim CHB and ASDBSC\triangle ASD \sim BSC. This implies that
ATTE=ADGE,EHBH=GEBC,BSSA=BCAD. \frac{AT}{TE} = \frac{AD}{GE}, \quad \frac{EH}{BH} = \frac{GE}{BC}, \quad \frac{BS}{SA} = \frac{BC}{AD}.
So,
ATTEEHHBBSSA=ADGEGEBCBCAD=1, \frac{AT}{TE} \cdot \frac{EH}{HB} \cdot \frac{BS}{SA} = \frac{AD}{GE} \cdot \frac{GE}{BC} \cdot \frac{BC}{AD} = 1,
which proves that the points SS, HH, TT are collinear.

Next, consider the triangles AFIAFI and DGCDGC. Because IFCG=HIF \cap CG = H, FAGD=TFA \cap GD = T, AICD=SAI \cap CD = S, and these points are collinear, the Desargues' theorem implies that the lines CICI, FGFG and ADAD are concurrent.

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