For a positive integer , a sum-friendly odd partition of is a sequence of odd positive integers with and such that for all positive integers , can be uniquely written as a subsum . (Two subsums , and with and are considered the same if and for .) For example, is a sum-friendly odd partition of . Find the number of sum-friendly odd partitions of .
, 2013
Solution
We consider the sum-friendly odd partitions of a positive integer . Clearly is a sum-friendly odd partition. On the other hand, if for some , then let be the smallest such that . It follows that and that divides for all . Therefore is odd and it divides . Moreover, is a sum-friendly odd partition of . Thus by induction it follows that the number of sum-friendly odd partitions of equals the number of factorisations in which are odd. Hence there are sum-friendly odd partitions of .
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