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China Mathematical Competition

Algebra Difficulty 4.9 AIME Prove it China

Given function f(x)=∣2−log⁡3x∣f(x) = |2 - \log_3 x|, positive real numbers a,b,ca, b, c satisfy a<b<ca < b < c and f(a)=2f(b)=2f(c)f(a) = 2f(b) = 2f(c). Find the value of acb\frac{ac}{b}.

Solution

Note that f(x)=∣log⁡3(x9)∣f(x) = |\log_3(\frac{x}{9})| is monotonically decreasing on (0,9](0, 9] and monotonically increasing on [9,+∞)[9, +\infty).
By the conditions satisfied by a,b,ca, b, c, we know that 0<a<b<9<c0 < a < b < 9 < c and
log⁡3(9a)=2log⁡3(9b)=2log⁡3(c9). \log_3\left(\frac{9}{a}\right) = 2\log_3\left(\frac{9}{b}\right) = 2\log_3\left(\frac{c}{9}\right).
Therefore,
log⁡3(acb)=log⁡3(9⋅a9⋅9b⋅c9)=2−log⁡3(9a)+log⁡3(9b)+log⁡3(c9)=2, \begin{aligned} \log_3\left(\frac{ac}{b}\right) &= \log_3\left(9 \cdot \frac{a}{9} \cdot \frac{9}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{9}\right) \\ &= 2 - \log_3\left(\frac{9}{a}\right) + \log_3\left(\frac{9}{b}\right) + \log_3\left(\frac{c}{9}\right) \\ &= 2, \end{aligned}
namely, acb=32=9\frac{ac}{b} = 3^2 = 9.

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