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Team selection tests for GMO, 2018

Geometry Difficulty 8.5 Shortlist Prove it Saudi Arabia

Let I,OI, O be the incenter, circumcenter of triangle ABCABC and A1,B1,C1A_{1}, B_{1}, C_{1} be arbitrary points on the segments AI,BI,CIAI, BI, CI respectively. The perpendicular bisectors of AA1,BB1,CC1AA_{1}, BB_{1}, CC_{1} intersect each other at X,YX, Y and ZZ. Prove that the circumcenter of triangle XYZXYZ coincides with OO if and only if II is the orthocenter of triangle A1B1C1A_{1}B_{1}C_{1}.

Solution

Denote ∠B=β\angle B = \beta then we have
∠XYZ=180∘−∠AIC=180∘−(90∘+β2)=90∘−β2. \angle XYZ = 180^\circ - \angle AIC = 180^\circ - \left(90^\circ + \frac{\beta}{2}\right) = 90^\circ - \frac{\beta}{2}.
So if OO is the circumcenter of XYZXYZ then
∠OXZ=90∘−(90∘−β2)=β2=∠IBC, \angle OXZ = 90^\circ - \left(90^\circ - \frac{\beta}{2}\right) = \frac{\beta}{2} = \angle IBC,
which implies that OX⊥BCOX \perp BC. Similarly, we also have OY⊥CAOY \perp CA, OZ⊥ABOZ \perp AB.

Denote M,NM, N as the midpoints of BC,BB1BC, BB_{1} respectively. From the cyclic quadrilateral and parallel line, we have ∠BB1C=∠BNM=180∘−∠BXM\angle BB_{1}C = \angle BNM = 180^\circ - \angle BXM. Similarly, ∠BC1C=180∘−∠CXM\angle BC_{1}C = 180^\circ - \angle CXM. Since MX⊥BCMX \perp BC, triangle XBCXBC is isosceles, then ∠BXM=∠CXM\angle BXM = \angle CXM, thus ∠BB1C=∠BC1C\angle BB_{1}C = \angle BC_{1}C, which implies that BCC1B1BCC_{1}B_{1} is cyclic.

Angle chasing again, we have ∠IC1B1=∠CBB1=β2\angle IC_{1}B_{1} = \angle CBB_{1} = \frac{\beta}{2}, but ∠AIC=90∘+β2\angle AIC = 90^\circ + \frac{\beta}{2}, implies that AI⊥B1C1AI \perp B_{1}C_{1}. By similar way, we get BI⊥C1A1BI \perp C_{1}A_{1} and CI⊥A1B1CI \perp A_{1}B_{1}, hence II is the orthocenter of triangle A1B1C1A_{1}B_{1}C_{1}.

It is easy to check that these conditions are equivalent, which finishes the proof.

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