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Geometry Difficulty 4.5 AIME Prove it Taiwan

Given that the quadrilateral A1A2A3A4A_1A_2A_3A_4 is not a cyclic quadrilateral. Let O1O_1 and r1r_1 be respectively the circumcenter and circumradius of triangle A2A3A4A_2A_3A_4. Define O2,O3,O4O_2, O_3, O_4 and r2,r3,r4r_2, r_3, r_4 similarly. Prove that:
1O1A12r12+1O2A22r22+1O3A32r32+1O4A42r42=0. \frac{1}{O_1A_1^2 - r_1^2} + \frac{1}{O_2A_2^2 - r_2^2} + \frac{1}{O_3A_3^2 - r_3^2} + \frac{1}{O_4A_4^2 - r_4^2} = 0.

Solution

Set up coordinates in the plane; then every circle can be expressed as p(x,y)=x2+y2+l(x,y)=0p(x, y) = x^2 + y^2 + l(x, y) = 0, where l(x,y)l(x, y) is a polynomial of degree at most one. Also note that for every point A=(xA,yA)A = (x_A, y_A) in the plane, p(xA,yA)=d2r2p(x_A, y_A) = d^2 - r^2, where dd is the distance from AA to the center of the circle, and rr is the radius of the circle.

Now, for each i{1,2,3,4}i \in \{1, 2, 3, 4\}, let pi(x,y)=x2+y2+li(x,y)=0p_i(x, y) = x^2 + y^2 + l_i(x, y) = 0 denote the equation of the corresponding circle with center OiO_i and radius rir_i, and let did_i be the distance from AiA_i to OiO_i. Then the four points A1,A2,A3,A4A_1, A_2, A_3, A_4 all satisfy the equation
i=14pi(x,y)di2ri2=1.(1) \sum_{i=1}^{4} \frac{p_i(x, y)}{d_i^2 - r_i^2} = 1. \qquad (1)

However, the four points A1,A2,A3,A4A_1, A_2, A_3, A_4 are neither concyclic nor collinear, so (1) is neither a circle nor a line. Hence the coefficient of x2+y2x^2 + y^2 on the left-hand side of (1) must be zero, that is,
i=141di2ri2=1. \sum_{i=1}^{4} \frac{1}{d_i^2 - r_i^2} = 1.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from zh; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.