Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2016

Algebra Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it Hong Kong

Let aa, bb and cc be positive real numbers satisfying abc=1abc = 1. Determine the smallest possible value of a3+8a3(b+c)+b3+8b3(c+a)+c3+8c3(a+b)\frac{a^3+8}{a^3(b+c)} + \frac{b^3+8}{b^3(c+a)} + \frac{c^3+8}{c^3(a+b)}.

Solution

The minimum value is 272\frac{27}{2}.
Let x=1ax = \frac{1}{a}, y=1by = \frac{1}{b} and z=1cz = \frac{1}{c}. Then we have xyz=1xyz = 1. By the AM-GM inequality, we have
a3+2=a3+1+13(a3)(1)(1)3=3a. a^3 + 2 = a^3 + 1 + 1 \ge 3\sqrt[3]{(a^3)(1)(1)} = 3a.
Therefore,
a3+8a3(b+c)3a+6a3(b+c)=3a2bc+6abca3(b+c)=3x+6x2y+z. \frac{a^3 + 8}{a^3(b+c)} \ge \frac{3a + 6}{a^3(b+c)} = \frac{3a^2bc + 6abc}{a^3(b+c)} = \frac{3x + 6x^2}{y+z}.
Similarly, we have b3+8b3(c+a)3y+6y2z+x\frac{b^3 + 8}{b^3(c+a)} \ge \frac{3y + 6y^2}{z+x} and c3+8c3(a+b)3z+6z2x+y\frac{c^3 + 8}{c^3(a+b)} \ge \frac{3z + 6z^2}{x+y}. Thus, it remains to minimize
3(xy+z+yz+x+zx+y)+6(x2y+z+y2z+x+z2x+y). 3\left(\frac{x}{y+z} + \frac{y}{z+x} + \frac{z}{x+y}\right) + 6\left(\frac{x^2}{y+z} + \frac{y^2}{z+x} + \frac{z^2}{x+y}\right).
By Nesbitt's inequality, we have
xy+z+yz+x+zx+y32. \frac{x}{y+z} + \frac{y}{z+x} + \frac{z}{x+y} \ge \frac{3}{2}.
Also, by the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, we have
((y+z)+(z+x)+(x+y))(x2y+z+y2z+x+z2x+y)(x+y+z)2. ((y+z) + (z+x) + (x+y)) \left( \frac{x^2}{y+z} + \frac{y^2}{z+x} + \frac{z^2}{x+y} \right) \ge (x+y+z)^2.
This implies
x2y+z+y2z+x+z2x+yx+y+z23xyz32=32 \frac{x^2}{y+z} + \frac{y^2}{z+x} + \frac{z^2}{x+y} \ge \frac{x+y+z}{2} \ge \frac{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{2} = \frac{3}{2}
by the AM-GM inequality. Therefore, the given expression is at least
332+632=272. 3 \cdot \frac{3}{2} + 6 \cdot \frac{3}{2} = \frac{27}{2}.

Equality holds when a=b=c=1a = b = c = 1.

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