Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

Let ABCABC be an equilateral triangle with side length 88. Let XX be on side ABAB so that AX=5AX = 5 and YY be on side ACAC so that AY=3AY = 3. Let ZZ be on side BCBC so that AZAZ, BYBY, CXCX are concurrent. Let ZXZX, ZYZY intersect the circumcircle of AXYAXY again at PP, QQ respectively. Let XQXQ and YPYP intersect at KK. Compute KXKQKX \cdot KQ.

Solution

Solution:

Let BYBY and CXCX meet at OO. OO is on the circumcircle of AXYAXY, since AXCCYB\triangle AXC \cong \triangle CYB.

We claim that KAKA and KOKO are tangent to the circumcircle of AXYAXY. Let XYXY and BCBC meet at LL. Then, LBZCLBZC is harmonic. A perspectivity at XX gives AYOPAYOP is harmonic. Similarly, a perspectivity at YY gives AXOQAXOQ is harmonic. Thus, KK is the pole of chord AOAO.

Now we compute. Denote rr as the radius and θ\theta as AXO\angle AXO. Then,

r=XY3=52+32353=193sinθ=sin60ACXC=32852+8258=473KXKQ=KA2=(rtanθ)2=(19343)2=304. \begin{gathered} r = \frac{XY}{\sqrt{3}} = \frac{\sqrt{5^2 + 3^2 - 3 \cdot 5}}{\sqrt{3}} = \sqrt{\frac{19}{3}} \\ \sin \theta = \sin 60^\circ \cdot \frac{AC}{XC} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \cdot \frac{8}{\sqrt{5^2 + 8^2 - 5 \cdot 8}} = \frac{4}{7} \sqrt{3} \\ KX \cdot KQ = KA^2 = (r \cdot \tan \theta)^2 = \left(\sqrt{\frac{19}{3}} \cdot 4 \sqrt{3}\right)^2 = 304. \end{gathered}

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.