Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 7.3 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it Hong Kong

One edge of a triangular pyramid has length 66 while every other edge has length 55. Find the volume of the pyramid.

Solution

Answer: 5392\frac{5\sqrt{39}}{2}

Let the vertices of the pyramid be AA, BB, CC, DD, where BD=6BD = 6 and all other edges have length 55. Let also MM be the midpoint of BDBD and NN be the foot of perpendicular from AA to the base BCDBCD. Of course we have BM=MD=3BM = MD = 3 and CM=4CM = 4. Note that
AN2=AB2BN2=AC2CN2=AD2DN2. AN^2 = AB^2 - BN^2 = AC^2 - CN^2 = AD^2 - DN^2.
As AB=AC=AD=5AB = AC = AD = 5, we have BN=CN=DNBN = CN = DN and so NN is the circumcentre of BCD\triangle BCD. The circumradius of BCD\triangle BCD is given by the extended sine formula
BN=CD2sinB=5245=258. BN = \frac{CD}{2 \sin B} = \frac{5}{2 \cdot \frac{4}{5}} = \frac{25}{8}.
The area of BCD\triangle BCD is 12BDMC=12\frac{1}{2} \cdot BD \cdot MC = 12. The volume of the pyramid is thus
1312AN=452(258)2=5392. \frac{1}{3} \cdot 12 \cdot AN = 4 \cdot \sqrt{5^2 - \left(\frac{25}{8}\right)^2} = \frac{5\sqrt{39}}{2}.

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