Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /23 of 87

Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it Serbia

Let MM, NN and PP be the midpoints of the sides BCBC, ACAC and ABAB, respectively, and let OO be the circumcenter of the acute triangle ABCABC. The circumcircles of triangles BOCBOC and MNPMNP intersect at two distinct points XX and YY inside triangle ABCABC. Prove that
BAX = CAY\text{BAX = CAY}

Solution

Solution:

Denote by k1k_{1} and k2k_{2} the circles MNPMNP and BOCBOC, respectively. The circle k1k_{1} is the Euler circle of ABC\triangle ABC and passes through the feet of the altitudes DD, EE from BB, CC and the midpoint O1O_{1} of the segment AHAH, where HH is the orthocenter of ABC\triangle ABC.

Let us show that the second intersection point ZZ of the line AYAY and the circle k1k_{1} lies on the Euler circle k3k_{3} of triangle ADEADE. We shall consider the case where

Figure 1

ZZ is between AA and YY; the proof in the other case is analogous. Let D1D_{1} and E1E_{1} be, respectively, the midpoints of the segments ADAD and AEAE. Since AYAZ=ADAN=AD1ACAY \cdot AZ = AD \cdot AN = AD_{1} \cdot AC, the points YY, ZZ, CC, D1D_{1} are concyclic, so AZD 1 = ACY\text{AZD 1 = ACY}.

Analogously AZE 1 = ABY\text{AZE 1 = ABY}, so D 1 ZE 1 = AZD 1 + AZE 1 = ACY + ABY = BYC - BAC = BAC\text{D 1 ZE 1 = AZD 1 + AZE 1 = ACY + ABY = BYC - BAC = BAC}. From this it follows that ZZ lies on k3k_{3}.

Since O1O_{1} is the circumcenter of ADE\triangle ADE, the similarity transformation that maps ABC\triangle ABC to ADE\triangle ADE also maps k1k_{1} to k2k_{2} and k2k_{2} to k3k_{3}, so the image of the point Xk1k2X \in k_{1} \cap k_{2} is the point Zk2k3Z \in k_{2} \cap k_{3}. Therefore, BAX = DAZ = CAY\text{BAX = DAZ = CAY}.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from sr; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.