Maths Olympiad Prep

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Combinatorics Difficulty 4.4 AIME Find the answer United States

Azar and Carl play a game of tic-tac-toe. Azar places an XX in one of the boxes in a 3-by-3 array of boxes, then Carl places an OO in one of the remaining boxes. After that, Azar places an XX in one of the remaining boxes, and so on until all 9 boxes are filled or one of the players has 3 of their symbols in a row—horizontal, vertical, or diagonal—whichever comes first, in which case that player wins the game. Suppose the players make their moves at random, rather than trying to follow a rational strategy, and that Carl wins the game when he places his third OO. How many ways can the board look after the game is over?

Pick one

Solution

Solution:

Answer (D): For Carl to win at his third turn, his 3 OOs must lie in one of the 8 winning configurations and Azar's 3 XXs must not (because that would have resulted in her winning after her third move). There are 6 vertical or horizontal rows for Carl's OOs, and in each case there are (63)2\binom{6}{3} - 2 ways for Azar's XXs to not align. There are also 2 diagonal winning lines for Carl, and in those cases Azar could not have won first. The number of ways the board can look after the game is over is therefore
6((63)2)+2(63)=618+220=148. 6 \cdot \left( \binom{6}{3} - 2 \right) + 2 \cdot \binom{6}{3} = 6 \cdot 18 + 2 \cdot 20 = 148.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.