Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2012

Geometry Difficulty 8.4 Shortlist Prove it Balkan Mathematical Olympiad

The incircle of a triangle ABCABC touches its sides BCBC, CACA, ABAB at the points A1A_1, B1B_1, C1C_1, respectively. Let the projections of the orthocenter H1H_1 of the triangle A1B1C1A_1B_1C_1 to the lines AA1AA_1 and BCBC be PP and QQ, respectively. Show that the line PQPQ bisects the line segment B1C1B_1C_1.

Solution

Let A1SA_1S, B1TB_1T and C1UC_1U be the altitudes of A1B1C1A_1B_1C_1. The circle kk with the diameter A1H1A_1H_1 contains the points A1A_1, H1H_1, TT, UU, PP and QQ. Let AA1AA_1 intersect the incircle of ABCABC for the second time at VV. Assume that BC\angle B \ge \angle C.

Observe that C1A1V=TA1P\angle C_1A_1V = \angle TA_1P, C1B1A1=C1A1B=TA1Q\angle C_1B_1A_1 = \angle C_1A_1B = \angle TA_1Q, and VA1B1=PA1U\angle VA_1B_1 = \angle PA_1U. Considering the chords subtending these angles in the circle kk and in the incircle of the triangle ABCABC we conclude that the cyclic quadrilaterals PTQUPTQU and VC1A1B1VC_1A_1B_1 are similar.

Let MM and NN be the midpoints of the line segments B1C1B_1C_1 and A1H1A_1H_1. Notice that
MTN=180C1TMNTA1=180TC1MNA1T=90 \angle MTN = 180^\circ - \angle C_1TM - \angle NTA_1 = 180^\circ - \angle TC_1M - \angle NA_1T = 90^\circ
as MM and NN are the midpoints of the hypotenuses of the right triangles C1TB1C_1TB_1 and TH1A1TH_1A_1, respectively.

Therefore MTMT and, similarly, MUMU, are tangent to kk. It follows that the pentagons PMTQUPMTQU and VAC1A1B1VAC_1A_1B_1 are similar. Since the points A1A_1, VV, AA lie on a line, so do the corresponding points QQ, PP, MM.

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