Number theoryDifficulty 5.3AIME, harderProve itJapan
Let X be the product of all those positive integers less than or equal to 2011 having either 3 or 7 for the one's digit. Determine the value of the ten's digit for X.
Solution
For integers a, b, m, write a≡b(modm) if a−b is divisible by m. For any integer n we have (10n+3)(10n+7)=100n2+100n+21≡21(mod100). We also have 215=(20+1)5=k=0∑5(k5)⋅20k≡(15)⋅201+(05)⋅200≡1(mod100). Then, we see that X=(3×7)⋅(13×17)⋯(2003×2007)≡21201≡(215)40×21≡140×21≡21(mod100), which implies that 2 is the desired answer.
Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track
puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.
Source: MathNet,
licensed CC-BY-4.0.
Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.