Problem:
On a sheet of paper two regular hexagons are drawn. The smaller one has area , and a minor diagonal of the larger hexagon coincides with a major diagonal of the smaller hexagon. What is the area of the union of the two hexagons?
Problem:
On a sheet of paper two regular hexagons are drawn. The smaller one has area , and a minor diagonal of the larger hexagon coincides with a major diagonal of the smaller hexagon. What is the area of the union of the two hexagons?
Solution:
The answer is . The figure drawn on the sheet can be represented as follows:

The point in the figure is given by the center of the larger hexagon . Since the hexagon is regular, the triangle is equilateral. Moreover, since is the diameter of the circle circumscribed to , the triangle is right-angled, with the right angle at and . In particular, denoting by the length of the side of the hexagon, we have . By the Pythagorean theorem, we have ; it follows that the ratio between the major diagonal of the smaller hexagon and the major diagonal of the hexagon is and, therefore, the ratio of the respective areas is , from which
The trapezoid is half of the hexagon , from which
The quadrilateral is one third of the hexagon (indeed it is the union of the two equilateral triangles and , both corresponding to of the hexagon); we obtain
Note that the triangles and are congruent: indeed , they have as a common side and are both isosceles; from which
It follows directly that the area of the pentagon is given by
Finally, the area of the union of the two hexagons is given by the sum of the areas of the pentagon and of the trapezoid , that is
