Maths Olympiad Prep

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Algebra Difficulty 5.7 AIME, harder Prove it Romania

a) Let f:RRf: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} be a function such that g:RRg: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}, g(x)=f(x)+f(2x)g(x) = f(x) + f(2x), and h:RRh: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}, h(x)=f(x)+f(4x)h(x) = f(x) + f(4x), are continuous functions. Prove that ff is also continuous.

b) Give an example of a discontinuous function f:RRf: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}, with the following property: there exists an interval IRI \subset \mathbb{R}, such that, for any aa in II, the function ga:RRg_a: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}, ga(x)=f(x)+f(ax)g_a(x) = f(x) + f(ax), is continuous.

Dorel Miheț

Solution

a.
Since gg and hh are continuous, and
f(x)=(g(x)g(2x)+h(x))/2, f(x) = (g(x) - g(2x) + h(x))/2,
xRx \in \mathbb{R}, it follows that ff is continuous, as well.

b.
The function f:RRf: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R},
f(x)={1,x<0,0,x=0,1,x>0, f(x) = \begin{cases} -1, & x < 0, \\ 0, & x = 0, \\ 1, & x > 0, \end{cases}
is discontinuous at 00, but ga:RRg_a: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}, ga(x)=f(x)+f(ax)=0g_a(x) = f(x) + f(ax) = 0, is continuous on R\mathbb{R}, for all a<0a < 0.

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