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Geometry Difficulty 6.1 National Olympiad Prove it Saudi Arabia

Let ABCABC be a triangle. Point DD lies on side BCBC, such that the incircles of triangles ABDABD and ACDACD are congruent. Let ΩB\Omega_B be the circle with diameter ABAB, and let ΩC\Omega_C be the circle with diameter ACAC. Prove that line ADAD is perpendicular to one of the common tangents to the circles ΩB\Omega_B and ΩC\Omega_C.

Solution

Denote AHAH as the altitude of triangle ABCABC then clearly HΩB,ΩCH \in \Omega_B, \Omega_C so AHAH is the common chord of the two circles. Let EFEF be the common tangent near AA of the two circles with EΩB,FΩCE \in \Omega_B, F \in \Omega_C. According to the familiar property, AHAH passes through the midpoint KK of EFEF. Draw AxEFAx \parallel EF then A(Kx,EF)=1A(Kx, EF) = -1.

We redefine DD as a point on BCBC such that ADEFAD \perp EF. Let I,JI, J be the two incenters of ABD,ACDABD, ACD respectively and let AI,AJAI, AJ intersect BCBC at M,NM, N respectively. Let R,SR, S be the centers of the circles ΩB,ΩC\Omega_B, \Omega_C (which are also the midpoints of AB,ACAB, AC) then REAMRE \parallel AM (because they are both perpendicular to EFEF) so
ABE=12ARE=12DAB=MAB, \angle ABE = \frac{1}{2}\angle ARE = \frac{1}{2}\angle DAB = \angle MAB,
which implies BEAMBE \parallel AM or AEAMAE \perp AM. Similarly, AFANAF \perp AN.

Figure 1

Now draw AyMNAy \parallel MN then AKAyAK \perp Ay. From there, according to the orthogonality property of two harmonic bundles, we immediately have A(Dy,MN)=1A(Dy, MN) = -1. Thus, DM=DNDM = DN. Then, according to the property of the angle bisector,
IMIA=DMDA=DNDA=JNJA    IJMN. \frac{IM}{IA} = \frac{DM}{DA} = \frac{DN}{DA} = \frac{JN}{JA} \implies IJ \parallel MN.
Therefore, the distances from I,JI, J to the line BCBC are equal implies that the radius of the circle inscribed in triangles ABD,ACDABD, ACD are equal. So in other words, DD is the given point in the problem. \square

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.