Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2022

Geometry Difficulty 6.8 National Olympiad Prove it United States

A straight river that is 264 meters wide flows from west to east at a rate of 14 meters per minute. Melanie and Sherry sit on the south bank of the river with Melanie a distance of DD meters downstream from Sherry. Relative to the water, Melanie swims at 80 meters per minute, and Sherry swims at 60 meters per minute. At the same time, Melanie and Sherry begin swimming in straight lines to a point on the north bank of the river that is equidistant from their starting positions. The two women arrive at this point simultaneously. Find DD.

Solution

Because the two women cross the river in the same amount of time, the north-south components of their velocities are the same value yy. The east-west components of Melanie's and Sherry's velocities must be values x-x and xx, respectively, because the two women meet halfway between their starting points. But Melanie is swimming against the river's current, and Sherry is swimming with the river's current, so relative to the water, Melanie's velocity is given by the vector x14,y\langle -x - 14, y \rangle, and Sherry's velocity is given by the vector x14,y\langle x - 14, y \rangle. Thus the squares of their speeds are
802=(x+14)2+y2=x2+28x+196+y2 and 80^2 = (x + 14)^2 + y^2 = x^2 + 28x + 196 + y^2 \text{ and}
602=(x14)2+y2=x228x+196+y2. 60^2 = (x - 14)^2 + y^2 = x^2 - 28x + 196 + y^2.
Subtracting and solving for xx yields x=50x = 50, from which y=48y = 48. It takes each woman 26448=112\frac{264}{48} = \frac{11}{2} minutes to complete her swim. Each woman swims along the river a distance of 50112=27550 \cdot \frac{11}{2} = 275 meters, so D=2275=550D = 2 \cdot 275 = 550.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.