Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2021

Geometry Difficulty 4.8 AIME Find the answer United States

Problem:
Let AEFAEF be a triangle with EF=20EF=20 and AE=AF=21AE=AF=21. Let BB and DD be points chosen on segments AEAE and AFAF, respectively, such that BDBD is parallel to EFEF. Point CC is chosen in the interior of triangle AEFAEF such that ABCDABCD is cyclic. If BC=3BC=3 and CD=4CD=4, then the ratio of areas [ABCD][AEF]\frac{[ABCD]}{[AEF]} can be written as ab\frac{a}{b} for relatively prime positive integers a,ba, b. Compute 100a+b100a+b.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Solution:
Rotate ABC\triangle ABC around AA to ABC\triangle AB' C', such that BB' is on segment AFAF. Note that as BDEFBD \parallel EF, AB=ADAB=AD. From this, AB=AB=ADAB'=AB=AD, and B=DB'=D. Note that
ADC=ABC=180ADC \angle ADC' = \angle ABC = 180 - \angle ADC
because ABCDABCD is cyclic. Therefore, CC, DD, and CC' are collinear. Also, AC=ACAC' = AC, and
CAC=DAC+CAD=DAC+CAB=EAF. \angle CAC' = \angle DAC + \angle C'AD = \angle DAC + \angle CAB = \angle EAF.
Thus, since AE=AFAE=AF, ACCAEF\triangle ACC' \sim \triangle AEF. Now, we have
[ACC]=[ACD]+[ADC]=[ACD]+[ABC]=[ABCD] [ACC'] = [ACD] + [ADC'] = [ACD] + [ABC] = [ABCD]
But, [ACC]=CC2EF2[AEF][ACC'] = \frac{CC'^2}{EF^2} \cdot [AEF], and we know that CC=CD+DC=4+3=7CC' = CD + DC' = 4 + 3 = 7. Thus,
[ABCD][AEF]=[ACC][AEF]=72202=49400. \frac{[ABCD]}{[AEF]} = \frac{[ACC']}{[AEF]} = \frac{7^2}{20^2} = \frac{49}{400}.
The answer is 10049+400=5300100 \cdot 49 + 400 = 5300.

Solution 2

Solution:
Figure 1
Since BDBD is parallel to EFEF and AE=AFAE=AF, we have AB=ADAB=AD. Since ABCDABCD is cyclic, ABC+ADC=180\angle ABC + \angle ADC = 180^\circ. Thus we can glue ABC\triangle ABC and ADC\triangle ADC as shown in the diagram above to create a triangle that is similar to AEF\triangle AEF and has the same area as ABCDABCD. The base of this triangle has length BC+CD=3+4=7BC + CD = 3 + 4 = 7, so the desired ratio is
72202=49400 \frac{7^2}{20^2} = \frac{49}{400}

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.