Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /952 of 1394

, 2016

Geometry Difficulty 5.4 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

In cyclic quadrilateral ABCDABCD with AB=AD=49AB = AD = 49 and AC=73AC = 73, let II and JJ denote the incenters of triangles ABDABD and CBDCBD. If diagonal BD\overline{BD} bisects IJ\overline{IJ}, find the length of IJIJ.

Solution

Solution:

Let OO be circumcenter, RR the circumradius and rr the common inradius. We have IO2=JO2=R(R2r)IO^{2} = JO^{2} = R(R-2r) by a result of Euler; denote xx for the common value of IOIO and JOJO. Additionally, we know AJ=AB=AD=49AJ = AB = AD = 49 (angle chase to find that BJA=JBA\angle BJA = \angle JBA). Since AA is the midpoint of the arc BD^\widehat{BD} not containing CC, both JJ and AA lie on the angle bisector of angle BCD\angle BCD, so C,J,AC, J, A are collinear. So by Power of a Point we have
R2x2=2Rr=AJJC=4924 R^{2} - x^{2} = 2Rr = AJ \cdot JC = 49 \cdot 24
Next, observe that the angle bisector of angle BADBAD contains both II and OO, so A,I,OA, I, O are collinear. Let MM be the midpoint of IJIJ, lying on BD\overline{BD}. Let KK be the intersection of IOIO and BDBD. Observing that the right triangles IMO\triangle IMO and IKM\triangle IKM are similar, we find IM2=IKIO=rxIM^{2} = IK \cdot IO = r x, so IJ2=4rxIJ^{2} = 4 r x. Now apply Stewart's Theorem to AOJ\triangle AOJ to derive
R(x(Rx)+4rx)=492x+x2(Rx) R(x(R-x) + 4 r x) = 49^{2} x + x^{2}(R-x)
Eliminating the common factor of xx and rearranging gives
492(Rx)2=4Rr=4849 49^{2} - (R-x)^{2} = 4 R r = 48 \cdot 49
so Rx=7R-x = 7. Hence R+x=49247=168R+x = \frac{49 \cdot 24}{7} = 168, and thus 2R=175,2x=1612R = 175, 2x = 161. Thus r=4924175=16825r = \frac{49 \cdot 24}{175} = \frac{168}{25}.
Finally, IJ=2rx=28416125=28695IJ = 2 \sqrt{r x} = 2 \sqrt{\frac{84 \cdot 161}{25}} = \frac{28 \sqrt{69}}{5}.

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