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Combinatorics Difficulty 4.7 AIME Prove it Soviet Union

Problem:
Given a set of nn different positive reals {a1,a2,,an}\{a_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots , a_{n}\}. Take all possible non-empty subsets and form their sums. Prove we get at least n(n+1)2\frac{n(n + 1)}{2} different sums.

Solution

Solution:
Assume a1<a2<<ana_{1} < a_{2} < \ldots < a_{n}. We have the following collection of increasing sums:

a1<a2<<ana_{1} < a_{2} < \ldots < a_{n} (nn sums)

a1+an<a2+an<<an1+ana_{1} + a_{n} < a_{2} + a_{n} < \ldots < a_{n - 1} + a_{n} (n1n-1 sums)

a1+an1+an<a2+an1+an<<an2+an1+ana_{1} + a_{n - 1} + a_{n} < a_{2} + a_{n - 1} + a_{n} < \ldots < a_{n - 2} + a_{n - 1} + a_{n} (n2n-2 sums)

\vdots

a1+a2++ana_{1} + a_{2} + \ldots + a_{n} (1 sum)

A total of 1+2++n=n(n+1)21 + 2 + \ldots + n = \frac{n(n + 1)}{2}.

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