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Geometry Difficulty 6.1 National olympiad Prove it China

A circle intersects sides BCBC, CACA, ABAB of ABCABC at two points for each side in the following order: \{D1,D2D_1, D_2\}, \{E1,E2E_1, E_2\} and \{F1,F2F_1, F_2\}. Line segments D1E1D_1E_1 and D2E2D_2E_2 intersect at point LL, E1F1E_1F_1 and E2D2E_2D_2 intersect at point MM, F1D1F_1D_1 and F2E2F_2E_2 intersect at point NN. Prove that ALAL, BMBM and CNCN are concurrent. (posed by Ye Zhonghao)

Solution

Proof Through point LL draw perpendicular lines to ABAB and to ACAC, the feet are LL' and LL'' respectively. Let LAB=α1\angle LAB = \alpha_1, LAC=α2\angle LAC = \alpha_2, LF2A=α3\angle LF_2A = \alpha_3, and LE1A=α4\angle LE_1A = \alpha_4. We have
sinα1sinα2=LLLL=LF2sinα3LE1sinα4. \frac{\sin \alpha_1}{\sin \alpha_2} = \frac{LL'}{LL''} = \frac{LF_2 \sin \alpha_3}{LE_1 \sin \alpha_4}. \quad ①
Draw line segments D1F2D_1F_2 and D2E1D_2E_1 (see Figure 1). Since LD1F2LD2E1\triangle LD_1F_2 \sim \triangle LD_2E_1 we get

Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 2
LF2LE1=D1F2D2E1.2 \frac{LF_2}{LE_1} = \frac{D_1 F_2}{D_2 E_1}. \qquad \textcircled{2}
Draw line segments D2F1D_2F_1 and D1E2D_1E_2 (see Figure 2). By using the sine rule we obtain
sinα3sinα4=D2F1D1E2.3 \frac{\sin \alpha_3}{\sin \alpha_4} = \frac{D_2 F_1}{D_1 E_2}. \qquad \textcircled{3}
Substituting ② and ③ into ①, we have
sinα1sinα2=D1F2D2E1D2F1D1E2.4 \frac{\sin \alpha_1}{\sin \alpha_2} = \frac{D_1 F_2}{D_2 E_1} \cdot \frac{D_2 F_1}{D_1 E_2}. \qquad \textcircled{4}
Similarly, write BMC=β1\angle BMC = \beta_1, MBA=β2\angle MBA = \beta_2, NCA=γ1\angle NCA = \gamma_1, NCB=γ2\angle NCB = \gamma_2, and we get
sinβ1sinβ2=E1D2E2F1E2D1E1F2,5 \frac{\sin \beta_1}{\sin \beta_2} = \frac{E_1 D_2}{E_2 F_1} \cdot \frac{E_2 D_1}{E_1 F_2}, \qquad \textcircled{5}
sinγ1sinγ2=F1E2F2D1F2E1F1D2.6 \frac{\sin \gamma_1}{\sin \gamma_2} = \frac{F_1 E_2}{F_2 D_1} \cdot \frac{F_2 E_1}{F_1 D_2}. \qquad \textcircled{6}
Multiplying ④, ⑤ and ⑥, we obtain
sinα1sinα2sinβ1sinβ2sinγ1sinγ2=1. \frac{\sin \alpha_1}{\sin \alpha_2} \cdot \frac{\sin \beta_1}{\sin \beta_2} \cdot \frac{\sin \gamma_1}{\sin \gamma_2} = 1.
Finally, according to the inverse of Ceva's Theorem, we know ALAL, BMBM and CNCN have a common point.

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