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Mathematical competitions in Croatia

Geometry Difficulty 5.6 AIME, harder Prove it Croatia

Let ABCABC be an acute-angled triangle. Let point B′B' be the reflection of BB across the line ACAC, and point C′C' the reflection of CC across the line ABAB. Circles circumscribed to triangles ABB′ABB' and ACC′ACC' intersect at points AA and PP. Prove that the circumcentre of triangle ABCABC lies on the line APAP. (Russia 2005)

Solution

Denote α=∠BAC\alpha = \angle BAC, β=∠CBA\beta = \angle CBA and γ=∠ACB\gamma = \angle ACB, and let OO be the circumcentre of triangle ABCABC.
Figure 1
Point PP is on the circle circumscribed to triangle ACC′ACC', so ∠APC=∠AC′C\angle APC = \angle AC'C since they are subtended by AC\text{AC}. Because of the reflection, we have ∠AC′C=90∘−∠BAC′=90∘−α\angle AC'C = 90^\circ - \angle BAC' = 90^\circ - \alpha.
Analogously, by observing the circle circumscribed to triangle ABB′ABB', we can conclude
∠APB=∠AB′B=90∘−α. \angle APB = \angle AB'B = 90^\circ - \alpha.
Therefore, ∠CPB=∠APC+∠APB=180∘−2α\angle CPB = \angle APC + \angle APB = 180^\circ - 2\alpha.
Since AC′PCAC'PC is a cyclic quadrilateral, we have
∠CPC′=180∘−∠CAB−∠BAC′=180∘−2α. \angle CPC' = 180^\circ - \angle CAB - \angle BAC' = 180^\circ - 2\alpha.
Therefore, ∠CPB=∠CPC′\angle CPB = \angle CPC', so points PP, BB and C′C' are collinear.
Let A′A' be the point diametrically opposite point AA on the circle circumscribed to triangle ACC′ACC'. Since ABAB is the bisector of segment CC’\text{CC'}, point A′A' lies on line ABAB. Therefore, ∠A′BP=∠ABC′=β\angle A'BP = \angle ABC' = \beta. By Thales' theorem we have ∠APA′=90∘\angle APA' = 90^\circ, so
∠BPA′=90∘−∠APB=α. \angle BPA' = 90^\circ - \angle APB = \alpha.
Therefore, ∠AA′P=180∘−α−β=γ\angle AA'P = 180^\circ - \alpha - \beta = \gamma and ∠A′AP=90∘−∠AA′P=90∘−γ\angle A'AP = 90^\circ - \angle AA'P = 90^\circ - \gamma, i.e. ∠BAP=90∘−γ\angle BAP = 90^\circ - \gamma.
On the other hand, ∠BOA=2γ\angle BOA = 2\gamma and ∠BAO=90∘−γ\angle BAO = 90^\circ - \gamma, so we can conclude that AA, OO and PP lie on the same line. This completes the proof.

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