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Iranian Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 5.6 AIME, harder Prove it Iran

There are n≥3n \ge 3 points in a plane. No three points are collinear. Prove one can choose an ordering P1,P2,…,PnP_1, P_2, \dots, P_n for these points so that for all 1<i<n1 < i < n the angle ∠Pi−1PiPi+1\angle P_{i-1}P_iP_{i+1} is acute.

Solution

We prove a stronger statement; there is an ordering P1,P2,…,PnP_1, P_2, \dots, P_n such that for every 1≤i<n1 \le i < n, the angle ∠Pi−1PiPi+1\angle P_{i-1}P_iP_{i+1} is acute.

Assume that PnPn−1P_nP_{n-1} is the longest segment between any two of these points. Now we start with Pn−1P_{n-1} and at each step we choose a point PP such that Pi,PP_i, P has the longest distance between the remaining points as Pi−1P_{i-1}.

We claim that this order has the desired property. Assume the contrary, the angle ∠Pi−1PiPi+1\angle P_{i-1}P_iP_{i+1} is greater than π2\frac{\pi}{2}, then on the triangle Pi−1PiPi+1P_{i-1}P_iP_{i+1}, Pi−1Pi+1P_{i-1}P_{i+1} is the longest edge. In particular, it is longer than PiPi+1P_iP_{i+1}, this contradicts the way we choose PiP_i. So all these angles are acute as desired. ■

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